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16 protocols using bio plex instrument

1

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling in Disease

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The concentrations of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1), were measured in plasma and kidney tissue homogenates by multiplex bead array format (Milliplex and Lincoplex) from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA), using a Bio‐Plex Instrument (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Spectrally addressed polystyrene beads coated with cytokine‐specific monoclonal antibodies were used to capture the cytokine of interest. The instrument sorted out and measured the fluorescent signal from each bead by dual excitation sources.
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2

Quantifying HIV-1 Antibody Responses

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Plasma HIV-1 specific antibodies were measured by a custom HIV-1 binding antibody multiplex assay as previously described49 (link). Antibody titers (area under the curve, AUC) were determined by serial dilutions of rhesus plasma (1:80, 7-fold). All assays were run under GCLP compliant conditions, including tracking of positive controls by Levy-Jennings charts using 21CFR Part 11 compliant software. Positive controls included a HIVIG and CH58 mAb. Negative controls included in every assay were blank beads, HIV-1 negative sera, and baseline (pre-vaccination) samples. To control for antigen performance, we used the preset criteria that the positive control titer (HIVIG and CH58) included on each assay had to be within +/− 3 standard deviations of the mean for each antigen (tracked with a Levy-Jennings plot with preset acceptance of titer (calculated with a four-parameter logistic equation, SigmaPlot, Systat Software). Antibody measurements were acquired on a Bio-Plex instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) using 21CFR Part 11 compliant software and the readout is in MFI. The preset assay criteria for sample reporting were: coefficient of variation (CV) per duplicate values for each sample were ≤15% and >100 beads counted per sample.
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3

Plasma IgG and IgA HIV-1 Antibody Assay

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Plasma IgG HIV-1 specific antibodies to HIV-1 gp120/gp140 proteins and V1/V2 scaffolds were measured by a binding antibody multiplex assay as previously described.[26 (link)–28 (link)] Positive controls included a HIVIG and CH58 mAb IgG titration.[29 (link)] Negative controls were blank, MulVgp70_His6 (empty gp70 scaffold) coupled beads, and HIV-1 negative sera. Antibody measurements were acquired on a Bio-Plex instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with a Mean Fluorescent Intensity (MFI) readout. The following antigens were used; Group M consensus: ConSgp140CFI [30 (link);31 (link)], Con6gp120/B; Subtype C Envelopes: 1086Cgp140C_avi; V1-V2 Antigens: gp70_B.CaseA2 V1/V2 and C.1086C_V1_V2 Tags (provided by Drs. Liao/Haynes, Duke University); and o-gpTV1deltaV2 gp140 (provided by Novartis).
Serum HIV-1-specific IgA responses (1/50 final dilution) from IgG-depleted samples against the HIV-1 gp140 (Con S gp140 CFI, TV1c8.2_21 gp140C_avi), gp41, HIV-1 gp120 (Con 6 gp120/B, TV1c8_D11gp120.avi/293F), p24 Gag antigens were also measured as described above.[26 (link)]
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4

Isolation and Quantification of Bone Marrow Fluids

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For collecting BM fluids, the four long bones (two femurs and two
tibiae) of each mouse were flushed with the same 200 μl of 2%
FBS/HBSS using a 0.3 ml insulin syringe with a 28G needle and spun at 500
× g for 5 min to remove BM cells. Supernatants were further clarified
by spinning down at 12,000 × g for 10 min, and samples were
subsequently stored at −80°C until use. For TNFα
measurement after TNFα injection, 100 μl of 2×-diluted
samples were analyzed with a mouse TNFα ELISA Kit (eBioscience,
88-7324-22) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. For cytokine
measurement after pIC injection, 50 μl of 2×-diluted samples
were analyzed with a Luminex Cytokine Mouse 20-plex panel (Thermo
Scientific, LMC0006M) using a BioPlex instrument (Bio-Rad) according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Quantifying Cytokines in Mouse Serum and Plasma

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For PB serum, blood was harvested from euthanized mice via cardiac puncture, allowed to coagulate at room temperature for 30 min, and subsequently spun down at 12,000 × g for 10 min to remove blood cells. For BM plasma, the four long bones (two femurs and two tibiae) of the same mice were flushed with 150–200 μl HBSS/2% FBS using a 0.3cc insulin syringe with a 28g needle and spun at 500 × g for 5 min to remove BM cells. Supernatants were further clarified by spinning down at 12,000 × g for 10 min, and samples were subsequently stored at −20°C until use. For cytokine measurement, 50 μl of 2x-diluted sample was analysed with a Luminex Cytokine Mouse 20-plex panel (Life Technologies) using a BioPlex instrument (Bio-Rad) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. M-CSF levels were analysed using an antibody sandwich ELISA kit (Raybiotech) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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6

Cytokine and Chemokine Profiling in Murine Lungs

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Serum was collected and whole lungs were harvested on days 0, 2, and 4 p.i. Lungs were disrupted using a tissue homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax T25; IKA Works, Inc., Wilmington, NC) in Cell Lysis Buffer (eBioscience). Lung homogenates were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 mins, and supernatants were collected. The protein levels of 20 different cytokines and chemokines in the lung and serum were determined using a ProcartaPlex Multiplex Immunoassay kit (eBioscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The assay was run on a BioPlex instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Lung and serum IFN-γ levels were determined by ELISA as previously described (eBioscience) [68 (link)]. Lung TNF levels were determined using a mouse TNF ELISA kit (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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7

Evaluating Soluble Cytokines in ccRCC

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Frozen plasma samples and tumor supernatants from ccRCC subjects and plasma samples from tumor-free controls were thawed on ice and processed simultaneously to evaluate a total of 38 or 18 different soluble cytokines and chemokines, as indicated in the figures and text, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Human Inflammatory Panel and Human Cancer Panel 2 Bio-Plex assays, Bio-Rad). Tumor weight to volume ratios were kept constant at 1g tissue/10mL of RPMI 1640. Samples were run in duplicate on a Bio-Rad Bio-Plex instrument according to the manufacturer's protocol.
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8

Quantifying Cytokines in Mouse Serum and Plasma

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For PB serum, blood was harvested from euthanized mice via cardiac puncture, allowed to coagulate at room temperature for 30 min, and subsequently spun down at 12,000 × g for 10 min to remove blood cells. For BM plasma, the four long bones (two femurs and two tibiae) of the same mice were flushed with 150–200 μl HBSS/2% FBS using a 0.3cc insulin syringe with a 28g needle and spun at 500 × g for 5 min to remove BM cells. Supernatants were further clarified by spinning down at 12,000 × g for 10 min, and samples were subsequently stored at −20°C until use. For cytokine measurement, 50 μl of 2x-diluted sample was analysed with a Luminex Cytokine Mouse 20-plex panel (Life Technologies) using a BioPlex instrument (Bio-Rad) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. M-CSF levels were analysed using an antibody sandwich ELISA kit (Raybiotech) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Plasma Inflammatory Cytokine Analysis

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Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min to obtain plasma. Plasma levels of selected inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and soluble ICAM-1) were analyzed according to manufacturer protocols using a Procarta Multiplex Cytokine Assay kit (Affymetrix; Freemont, CA, USA) and a Bio-Plex instrument with Bio-Plex software (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, ON, Canada).
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10

Quantifying Cytokine Levels in Plasma

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To quantify the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and Interferon (IFN)-β, blood samples (1.0 mL) were drawn at the end of the CASP experiments using heparin-coated syringes. Blood samples were immediately centrifuged at 250× g for 10 min to obtain plasma. The plasma was stored at −80 °C until measurement. Cytokines and adhesion molecules were analyzed using the Procarta Multiplex Cytokine Assay kit from Affymetrix (Freemont, CA, USA) and a Bio-Plex instrument with Bio-Plex software (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, ON, Canada) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.
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