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NKCC1 is a membrane transporter protein that facilitates the coupled movement of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions across the cell membrane. It plays a critical role in the regulation of cell volume and ion homeostasis in various cell types.

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4 protocols using nkcc1

1

Tamoxifen-Induced Mouse Organ Imaging

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Mice were induced at 4 weeks with 1.5 mg tamoxifen and harvested after 7–10 days. For wholemount images, mice were sacrificed and organs were harvested. They were washed in PBS three times and images were taken on dissecting microscope using 4X magnification. For immunofluorescence analysis, sections were prepared as described previously [11 (link)]. Images were taken on Nikon TiE microscope or confocal microscope. Antibodies used are; Rabbit anti-keratin 14, polyclonal, Cat# PRB-155P, Biolegend, 1:100; Living Colors RTM DsRed (RFP) Monoclonal Antibody, Cat# 632392, Clontech, 1:100; NKCC1, Cat# sc-21545, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:100; RFP, Cat# 200–301-379S, Rockland, 1:100; AQP4 antibody polyclonal, Cat# AB3594, Millipore, 1:200; Atp6v1b1 antibody, polyclonal, Cat# Pa5–56878, Invitrogen, 1:200; SCGB3A2 Antibody, Cat# AF3465, R & D Systems, 1:100; Prosurfactant Protein C (SPC) Antibody, Cat# AB3786, Millipore, 1:2000.
For kidney, tissues were fixed using published protocol [17 (link)]. Lungs were inflated with 2% paraformaldehyde in OCT and incubated for 1 hour in 3.2% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Lungs were then washed 3 × 1 hours in PBS at room temperature, followed by overnight incubation in 30% sucrose / PBS. The following day lungs were incubated 2 hours at room temperature in 15% sucrose / 50% OCT in PBS followed by embedding in OCT cryomolds.
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2

Immunofluorescent Analysis of Submandibular Gland

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Paraffin embedded submandibular gland tissue sections were process for immunofluorescent analysis as previously described53 . Primary antibodies used at the indicated dilutions include alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (1:200, Sigma, 1A4), K7 (1:50, Abcam), K14 (1:10053 ), K5 (1:100, gift from Dr. Julie Segre), Ki67 (1:100, Leica Biosystems, MM1), Nkcc1 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), ΔNp63 (1:25)54 (link), p63 (1:25, Biocare Medical, 4A4), p63 (1:25, Cell Signaling Technology, D2K8X), RFP (1:100, Rockland), DsRed (1:50, Clontech), Mist1 (1:100, Abcam), Aqp5 (1:100, Alomone Labs). Sections were mounted using VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories) and imaged using a ZEISS Confocal microscope with ZEISS ZEN imaging software.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Hippocampal Neurons

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Immunofluorescence staining was carried out using antibody against NKCC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, United States; used at 1:50), NFAT5 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States; used at 1:100) and HIF-1α (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States; used at 1:100) in peri-ischemic hippocampal brain slices and in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2, ABclonal, Wuhan, China; used at 1:200) was used as the neuronal mark. The protocol is detailed in the Supplementary Material.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of NKCC1 and KCC2 in Mouse Brain

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After ketamine anesthesia, mice were intracardially perfused with 40 ml of PBS, followed by 40 ml of freshly prepared 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. The tissue was dehydrated in 30% sucrose in PBS overnight, embedded in Tissue-Tek (Leica) and frozen over dry ice. Cryosections (20um) were prepared at −20 °C and collected on coated slides (Super-Frost Plus). Sections were air dried for 20 minutes and washed with PBS. Sections were subsequently incubated for 2 days at 4°C in a moist chamber with NKCC1 (Santa Cruz; 1:200 stock diluted in PBS) and KCC2 (Millipore; 1:300 stock diluted in PBS) primary antibodies. After incubation, the sections were washed with PBS (3 x 10 minutes at room temperature) and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with anti-goat Alexa 488 (Abcam; 1:500) and anti-mouse Alexa 555 (Molecular Probes; 1:500) secondary antibodies. The sections were then washed with PBS (3 x 10 minutes at room temperature) to remove unbound secondary antibody and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature with Hoechst solution (1:10,000 stock diluted in PBS) for nuclear staining. After a final rinse, the slides were coverslipped using fluoromount G (Southern Biotechnology Associates). Slices were examined and imaged using a Carl Zeiss LSM 700 confocal microscope with three solid-state lasers (405/444, 488, 555 nm) and appropriate filter sets.
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