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Ferangi blue

Manufactured by Biocare Medical
Sourced in United States

Ferangi Blue is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for scientific research and medical diagnostics. It functions as a spectrophotometer, allowing for the accurate measurement and analysis of light absorbance and transmittance in a wide range of samples.

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16 protocols using ferangi blue

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Placental Tissue

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Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks used for this study were retrieved from the tissue bank of the Department of Pathology (ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy). Tissues used for the analysis included normal placental tissue at the first (five cases) and third (ten cases) trimester. Four-micron-thick tissue sections were used for immunohistochemical staining. Primary antibodies included anti-CD14 (1:50, mouse, clone 7, Leica); anti-CD163 (1:50, mouse, clone 10D6, Neomarkers); and anti-HLA-DP,DQ,DR(1:500, mouse, clone CR3/43, DAKO). The reaction was revealed using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsystems) followed by DAB. Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) (1:50, mouse, clone D5, DAKO) was visualized using Mach 4 MR-AP (Biocare Medical), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical) as chromogen.
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2

Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Profiling of Tumor-associated Immune Cells

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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on a set of tissues samples obtained from the archive of the Department of Pathology (Policlinico San Martino, Genova). For each patient, tissues included a representative whole‐tissue formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) block of primary carcinoma. Immunostaining was performed using 4 μm‐thick tissue sections and a set of primary antibodies (Supplementary table 1).
The reaction was revealed using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsystems) followed by diaminobenzidine (DAB, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Finally, the slides were counterstained with Meyer's Haematoxylin.
For double staining, after completing the first immune reaction, the second was visualised using Mach 4 MR‐AP (Biocare Medical), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical). For triple IHC, the third immune reaction was revealed using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsystems), and developed in 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole chromogen (AEC), counterstained with haematoxylin and cover‐slipped using gelatin. Single staining for CD3, CD8, CD20, CD66b, CD163 and CD38 was applied to identify T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages and plasma cells, respectively. To characterise the phenotype and the localisation of tumor‐associated B cells, we performed double and triple immunostaining for a set of B‐cell markers including CD20, BCL6, CD27, PAX5, MUM1, CD38, FOXP3, PD‐L1 and pSMAD2.
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3

Quantifying CD300E+ Cells in Tissue Sections

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Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with a rabbit anti-CD300E polyclonal antibody (Sigma-Aldrich). On appropriate antigen retrieval (water bath at 98°C for 40 min in ethylenediaminetetraacetic buffer pH 8.0), reactivity was revealed using NovoLink Polymer horseradish peroxidase-linked (Leica Biosystems) followed by diaminobenzidine. Characterization of CD300E positive cells was performed by double immunohistochemistry. After completing the first immune reaction, the second was realized using a monoclonal primary antibody to CD163 (clone 10D6, ThermoFisher), visualized using Mach 4-AP (Biocare Medical), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical) as chromogen. Quantification of CD300E-expressing cells was performed on at least five high-power fields on sections double stained for CD300E and CD163. Immunostained sections were photographed using the DP-70 Olympus digital camera mounted on the Olympus BX60 microscope, and the digital pictures (each corresponding to 0.036 mm2) were used for cell count. Values were expressed as the mean ± SEM.
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4

Cryosectioned Sample Immunohistochemistry

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Embedded histological samples were cryosectioned at 20 μm thickness, after which relative protein levels of OPN, Collagen X (Col X), and aggrecan were assessed using standard immunohistochemical techniques (Supporting Information Table S2). In brief, rehydrated sections were blocked for 10 min by exposure to Terminator solution (Biocare Medical). Samples were incubated at 4°C overnight with primary antibody diluted in PBST (PBS plus 0.1% Tween 20) containing 3% bovine serum albumin. Bound primary antibody was detected using the appropriate AP-conjugated secondary antibody (Jackson Immunoresearch) followed by the application of chromogen Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical) and mounting. Stained sections were imaged using a Zeiss Axiovert microscope.
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD68, CD163, and LXRα in Formalin-Fixed Tissues

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2-μm-thick consecutive tissue sections were prepared from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, provided by the Pathology Department of the Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Briefly, after deparaffinization and rehydration, antigen retrieval was performed by heat treatment using EDTA buffer (Dako; 0.25 mM, pH 8) in water bath at 98°C for 20 min. Endogenous peroxidases were blocked by incubation with Peroxidase-Blocking Solution for 15 min at room temperature, followed by incubation for 20 min with Background Sniper (Biocare Medical) to block nonspecific binding. The sections were then incubated with primary antibodies anti-human CD68 (Dako; KP-1 clone, diluted 1:1,000), CD163 (Leica Biosystems, 10D6 clone, diluted 1:200) for 1 h at room temperature, followed by incubation with the detection system EnVision+System HRP-labeled anti-mouse (Dako). Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Biocare Medical) was used as chromogen. Nuclei were lightly counterstained with a freshly made hematoxylin solution (Dako). LXR staining was performed with anti-human LXRα antibody (LSBio; polyclonal, diluted 1:100), together with anti-CD163, followed by incubation with the detection system Mach2 Double Stain 1 (Biocare Medical). Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical) and 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine were used as chromogens.
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6

Immunohistochemical Identification of slan/M-DC8+ Cells in FFPE Tonsils

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Tissue blocks containing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tonsils were retrieved from the tissue bank of the Department of Pathology (Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy). Four-micron thick tissue sections were used for immunohistochemical staining. slan/M-DC8+ cells were specifically identified by using primary antibodies towards the 6-sulfo LacNAc residue (slan/M-DC8) on PSGL-1, namely clone DD1, as previously reported [10 (link)]. Other antigens were identified using antibodies listed in Supplementary Table S1. The primary immune reaction was revealed using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) followed by 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). For double immunohistochemistry, after completing the first immune reaction, the second one was visualized using Mach 4 MR-Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) (Biocare Medical), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical, Concord, CA) as chromogen. For triple immunohistochemistry, after completing the second immune reaction, sections were incubated with primary antibodies to Ki-67 and revealed using a biotinylated system followed by streptavidinconjugated with AP (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) with New Fucsin as chromogen.
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7

Dual Immunohistochemistry for ERK5 and p-STAT3

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Four-micrometer-thick human tissue sections were immunostained with an antibody from Santa Cruz to ERK5 (1:100 dilution; catalog no. sc-1284-R clone C-20). The reaction was revealed by using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsystems) followed by DAB. Double immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of ERK5 (1:100 dilution; sc-1286) and p-STAT3(Y705) (1:120 dilution; catalog no. 9145 clone D3A7 from Cell Signaling Technology) in human TAMs (1:50 dilution; CD163 antibody clone 10D6 from Thermo Scientific). Briefly, after completing the first immune reaction, the second was visualized by using Mach 4 MR-AP (Biocare Medical), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical) as chromogen and slightly counterstained with hematoxylin.
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8

Localization of CXCL10-Expressing Cells in Tissues

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To localize CXCL10 positive cells, tissues were analyzed with RNAscope assay (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA) using RNAscope 2.5 HD Assay-RED kit and Hs-CXCL10-C2 probe (Cat No. 311851-C2) recognizing the nt 2 to 1,115 of the CXCL10 reference sequence NM_001565. The sections from fixed human tissue blocks were treated following the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, freshly cut 3 μm sections were deparaffinized in xylene and treated with the peroxidase block solution for 10 min at room temperature followed by the retrieval solution for 15 min at 98°C and by protease plus at 40°C for 30 min. Control probes included Hs-POLR2a-C2 (Cat No. 310451) and DapB-C2 (Cat No. 310043-C2). The hybridization was performed for 2 h at 40°C. The signal was revealed using RNAscope 2.5 HD Detection Reagent and FAST RED. Combined RNAscope and immunohistochemistry (for CD163, IRF1, Phospho-STAT1, CSFR1 and TREM2) were used to identify the cellular source of CXCL10. To this end, CXCL10 detection by RNAscope was followed by immunoreaction was visualized using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsistem) followed by DAB or using Mach 4 MR-AP (Biocare Medical) followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical).
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9

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Skin Lesions

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Tissues were represented by a cohort of 101 PCM, 60 benign nevi (NV) and 5 lupus erythematosus (LE) skin biopsies. Clinical and pathological features of the PCM cases are reported in our previous study (46 (link)). The local ethics committee provided formal approval to this project (WV-Immunocancer 2014 to WV, institutional review board code NP906).
Two-to-four micron-thick tissue sections were obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks and used for immunohistochemistry. For immunohistochemical staining endogenous peroxidase was blocked by incubation with methanol and hydrogen peroxide 0.03% for 20 minutes during rehydration. Immunostaining was performed using a set of primary antibodies listed in Supplementary Table S1. The reaction was revealed using Novolink Polymer (Leica Microsystems) followed by diaminobenzidine (DAB, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) or using Mach 4 MR-AP (Biocare Medical, Concord, CA, USA), followed by StayRed/AP (Abcam). Finally, the slides were counterstained with Meyer’s Haematoxylin. For double staining, after completing the first immune reaction, the second was visualized using Mach 4 MR-AP (Biocare Medical), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical). Quantitative image analysis was performed by using AperioScanscope CS (Aperio, Nikon).
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10

Immunohistochemistry for CD300e and CD163 Analysis

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Immunohistochemistry was performed as reported elsewhere7 (link). Briefly, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with a rabbit anti-CD300e polyclonal antibody (Sigma-Aldrich). On appropriate antigen retrieval (water bath at 98 °C for 40 min in ethylenediaminetetraacetic buffer pH 8.0), reactivity was revealed using NovoLink Polymer horseradish peroxidase-linked (Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany) followed by Diaminobenzidine (DAB). Analysis of CD300e positive cells was performed by double immunohistochemistry. After completing the first immune reaction, the second was realized using a monoclonal primary antibody to CD163 (clone 10D6, ThermoFisher), visualized using Mach 4-AP (Biocare Medical, Pacheco, CA, USA), followed by Ferangi Blue (Biocare Medical) as chromogen. Quantification of positive cells was performed on 10 high power fields (HPF) on sections double stained for CD300e and CD163. Immunostained sections were photographed using the DP-70 Olympus digital camera mounted on the Olympus BX60 microscope, and the digital pictures (each corresponding to 0.13 mm2) were used for cell count. Values were expressed as mean percentage of CD300e positive cells inside the CD163 positive cells. Based on the intensity of CD300e expression, CD163 positive cells were classified as negative, CD300ebright and CD300edim.
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