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27 protocols using c300 imaging system

1

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Samples were lysed in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 150 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% NP-40, 5 mM NAM, 1 mM sodium butyrate, protease and phosphatase inhibitors). Proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Blocking and antibody incubations were performed in 5% BSA or non-fat dry milk. PGC-1α (ab54481 1:1000), UCP1 (ab10983 1:1000 for animal tissues, 1:500 for primary culture), TBX1 (ab109313 1:1000) and VDAC1 (ab14734 1:1000) antibodies were from Abcam; anti-CREB (9197 1:1000), p-CREB Ser133 (9191 1:1000), ERK (4695 1:1000), p-ERK (4376 1:1000), DRP1 (4E11B11 1:1000), p-DRP1 Ser616 (3455 1:1000) and p-DRP1 Ser637 (4867S 1:1000) antibodies were from Cell Signalling; anti-MFF antibody (17090-1-AP 1:1000) was from Proteintech group; anti-PARP1 (sc-7150 1:1000), GAPDH (sc-47724 1:2000) and TOMM40 (sc-11414 1:1000) antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The MitoProfile Total OXPHOS Rodent WB Antibody Cocktail (MS604-300 1:500) for mitochondrial subunits was purchased from MitoSciences. Antibody detection reactions were developed by enhanced chemiluminescence (Advansta) and imaged using the c300 imaging system (Azure Biosystems). Quantification was done using ImageJ software.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of IL-1β

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Lysates collected from in vitro infected BMDMs at different time points as described above (In vitro infection scheme and collection) were subjected to SDS-PAGE and gels were electrophoretically transferred onto polyvinylidine difluoride membranes (PVDF). Protein expression was examined using the following primary antibodies: anti-β-Actin and anti-IL-1β (D6A8, D3H1Z; Cell signaling technologies) were used with anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody (Jackson Immuno Research, 111-035-144). Membranes were incubated in SuperSignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (ThermoScientific, 34096) and bands were visualized using an Azure Biosystems C300 imaging system.
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3

Extracellular Vesicle Protein Profiling

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EV pellets were homogenized in RIPA buffer containing 1% SDS, and protein estimated using the BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA). Western blotting was performed on the various tissue-specific EV as described previously.31 (link), 78 (link), 79 Briefly, 20-40 μg protein was loaded onto NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen) and run either under non-reducing (CD63 and CD81) or reducing (Hsp-70 and flotillin-1) conditions followed by their transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes using the iBlot 2 Gel Transfer Device (Invitrogen). Membranes were blocked in TBS SuperBlock buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 30 min, and immunoblotting carried out overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies (see Table 1 for details). The next day, membranes were incubated with respective HRP conjugated secondary antibodies for 1.5 hr at room temperature on a rocker. Blots were developed with 1:1 solution of Radiance Chemiluminescent Substrate and Luminol/Enhancer (Azure Biosystems) and visualized using a c300 imaging system (Azure Biosystems). Images were quantified using the ImageJ software.
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4

Quantifying KpB308-2 Outer Membrane Enrichment

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To identify enrichment of KpB308-2 outer membranes, western blot was against the outer membrane marker Outer Membrane Protein A (OmpA). 15ug of total protein was mixed with 1X NuPage LDS sample buffer (NP0007) and 2.5% beta-mercaptoethanol, heated at 95°C for 5 minutes, then loaded into a 4-12% NuPage Bis-Tris gel. Protein was transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using an iBlot 2 and blocked in 5% Skim milk powder in TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The membrane was washed 3 times with TBST between each incubation. Membranes were incubated with a 1:5000 dilution of rabbit-anti-Klebsiella OmpA antibody (Antibody Research Corporation #111226) for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by incubation in a 1:10,000 dilution of HRP-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher #65-6120). Blots were treated with Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher #32106) and chemiluminescence was detected using the Azure Biosystems c300 Imaging system.
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5

Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting from C.elegans, C2C12 Cells, and Mouse Tissues

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C.elegans were lysed by sonication with TBS buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche), and analyzed by western and dot blot. The concentration of extracted protein was determined using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay. Membranes were blocked in 10% milk for 2h or overnight. Homogeneous loading was monitored by ponceau red. Antibody detection reactions for all immunoblot experiments were developed by enhanced chemiluminescence (Advansta) and imaged using the c300 imaging system (Azure Biosystems). Each immunoblot experiment was repeated at least twice using at least three biological replicates each containing approximately 1,000 worms.
C2C12 cell lysates were prepared for immunoblotting as for C.elegans. Each experiment was repeated at least twice using 3 biological replicates.
For mouse tissues, frozen forelimbs samples were lysed by mechanical homogenization with RIPA buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors for western blot analysis. Lysates were prepared and analyzed by dot blot as described for worms.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Muscular Dystrophy

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DMD patient myoblast cells or mouse skeletal muscle tissues were lysed on ice in radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer composed of 50 mM tris-HCl, 5 M NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 100 mM NaF, sodium deoxycholate (5 mg/ml), and 1% NP-40 containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche). Protein concentrations were determined using the Bradford method, and samples were loaded on a 12% SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gel. After electrophoresis, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto methanol-activated polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Blocking of the membranes was done in 5% milk-TBST (tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 hour, and after washing, the membranes were incubated overnight with primary antibody anti-SPTLC1 (Proteintech) or anti-SPTLC2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) or anti-CERS2 (Sigma-Aldrich) in 3% BSA-TBST (1:1000). Incubation with secondary anti-rabbit polyclonal antibody was done in 5% BSA-TBST (1:2000). Antibody detection reactions were developed by enhanced chemiluminescence (Advansta) and imaged using the c300 Imaging System (Azure Biosystems).
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7

Western Blotting of Signaling Pathways

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Cell extracts were prepared in RIPA buffer containing Protease Inhibitors and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Pierce). Protein concentrations were determined by DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Equivalent amounts of cellular protein were subjected to SDS PAGE and electrotransferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Membranes were blocked and probed with primary antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology, including antibodies that target phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (Catalog number 9215), total p38 MAPK (9212) phospho-ERK1/ERK2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (4370), total ERK1/ERK2 (9102), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Thr183/Tyr185) (9251), total c-Jun N-terminal kinase (9252), phospho-IκBα (Ser32) (2859), total IκBα (9242) and β-actin (3700), followed by horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies. Immunoblots were developed using ProSignal Pico ECL Reagent substrate (Prometheus) and imaged using the Azure Biosystems C300 imaging system.
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8

Mitochondrial Protein Analysis by Western Blot

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Samples were lysed in lysis buffer [50 mM tris (pH 7.4), 150 mM KCl, 1
mM EDTA, 1% NP-40, 5 mM NAM, 1 mM sodium butyrate, protease inhibitors].
Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose or
polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Blocking and antibody incubations were
performed in 5% bovine serum albumin. SIRT1 antibody was from Abcam,
anti-FOXO1 antibody was from Cell Signaling, PAR antibody was from Millipore,
and anti–acetyl-FRKH (FOXO) antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
Antibody cocktail (the MitoProfile Total OXPHOS Rodent WB Antibody Cocktail) for
mitochondrial subunits was purchased from MitoSciences. Antibody detection
reactions were developed by enhanced chemiluminescence (Advansta) using x-ray
films or imaged using the c300 imaging system (Azure Biosystems). Quantification
was done using ImageJ software. Blue native PAGE on isolated mitochondria from
muscle or C2C12 cells was performed using the NativePAGE Novex Bis-Tris Gel
System (Invitrogen), as described previously (49 (link)).
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9

Extracting β-Tubulin from N. bombycis

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109 mature spores of N. bombycis suspended in 400 μL of lysis buffer (Beyotime) were mixed with 0.4 g of glass beads (212–300 μm, acid-washed, Sigma-Aldrich) and disrupted by violent oscillation. After centrifugation at 12,000 g for 10 min, the supernatants were isolated and measured for immunoblotting. Proteins were separated on a 12% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane (Roche). The membranes were treated as follows: blocking for 1 h at 37°C in Blocking Buffer (Beyotime), washing three times, incubating with a 1:9,000 dilution of β-Tubulin antiserum for 1 h at 37°C, washing three times, incubating with 1:8,000 peroxidase-labelled goat anti-mouse IgG (Roche) for 1 h at 37°C, washing three times, and incubating with Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate for 1 min, followed by imaging using a Azure Biosystems C300 imaging system.
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10

Inflammatory Cytokine Production in RAW 264.7 Cells

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C. acnes (4 × 108 cfu/mL) was heated to 80 °C for 30 min to kill the bacteria. HKC was freeze-dried as a powder and maintained at 4 °C until use. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% l-glutamine at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. RAW 264.7 cells (4 × 105 cells/mL) were seeded in six-well plates and co-treated with HKC (300 μg/mL) and test samples. NO and PGE2 production were determined according to previously described methods [20 (link)]. Whole-cell lysates were prepared via lysis with radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer. The proteins in the lysate (30 μg) were denatured in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) sample buffer and analyzed by 10% SDS-PAGE. Gels were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with primary iNOS (clone N-20), COX-2 (clone C-20), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; clone 6C5) antibodies from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Membranes were visualized with a BCIP/NBT kit (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA). The level of protein expression was quantified using an Azure Biosystem C300 Imaging System. GAPDH expression was used as an internal control to compare the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2.
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