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Hematoxylin and eosin stain

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Hematoxylin and eosin stain is a common laboratory staining technique used to visualize the cellular and tissue structures in histological samples. Hematoxylin stains the nuclei of cells blue or purple, while eosin stains the cytoplasm and other structures pink or red. This staining method provides a contrast that allows for the identification of different cell types and tissue structures under a microscope.

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9 protocols using hematoxylin and eosin stain

1

Ovarian Morphology Quantification

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Ovaries were collected from mice upon euthanization and immediately placed in tissue fixation solution (60% ethanol, 30% formaldehyde, 10% glacial acetic acid) for 24 hours. The solution was changed to 70% ethanol the following day and replaced with fresh 70% ethanol after 24 hours. Tissue was dehydrated and processed for paraffin embedding. The ovaries were sectioned using a microtome at 20 μm, with three to four sections per slide, and dried overnight at 37°C. A hematoxylin and eosin stain (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to distinguish ovarian morphology. Corpora lutea and Graafian follicles were counted on every fifth section for each sectioned ovary. The section with the greatest number of corpora lutea or Graafian follicles was used as the representative number for that animal.
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2

Alfamec 1% Injection Protocol

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Alfamec® 1% was purchased from Alfasan Co., Woerden, The Netherlands; and the formula used for cattle and sheep injection was 1 ml Alfamec contains 10 mg IVM. The hematoxylin and eosin stain was procured from Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, MO. Ethanol was purchased from Loba Chemie Co.; MDA, SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px Kits were procured from Biodiagnostic (Diagnostic and Research Reagents) Company, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and locally purchased.
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3

Phytochemical Profiling and Formulation Development

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Acetonitrile, methanol, ortho-phosphoric acid (HPLC grade), rutin, hyperoside, hypericin and hyperforin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany for phytochemical profiling. Quercetin dihydrate (≥98%) was obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), and Pluronic F-127 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany for the formulations. Ketamine HCl 5% (Rotex medica, Trittau, Germany), and Panthenol® 2% cream (Nile Co. for Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries, Egypt) were obtained for the in vivo experiments. Formaline, xylene, hematoxylin and eosin stain, and Masson’s trichrome stain were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany for the histopathology. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
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4

Evaluation of Vancomycin-loaded Rice Granules

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To find out whether
the vancomycin-loaded rice granules could be used as drug reservoirs
in the tissue, we tested an inflammatory reaction in mice. The animal
care and use protocol following the National Institutes of Health
(NIH; #85-23, revised 1985) was approved by the Institutional Animal
Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, Thailand. Male, C57BL/6 mice, 8-week-old, were purchased
from the National Laboratory Animal Center, Nakhornpathom, Thailand.
The subcutaneous injection of rice granules was performed under isoflurane
anesthesia under the sterile condition. In short, the hair above the
loose skin between shoulders was removed and cleaned with 70% alcohol.
Then, 0.375 mg of rice granules at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL
dispersed in PBS or PBS control (150 μL) (n = 5/group, group I: injected with PBS only; group II: injected with
rice granules in PBS; group III: injected with vancomycin-loaded at
80% loading% rice granules in PBS) was administered subcutaneously.
The inflammatory skin reaction was observed daily. Mice were sacrificed
at 7 days post injection, and the skin lesion was fixed in 10% formalin,
paraffin-embedded, and stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent Hematoxylin
and Eosin stain (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The inflammatory cells
were observed from the lesion.
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5

Tumor Tissue Fixation and Staining

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After measuring the tumor volume, the tumor tissues were fixed with 10% formaldehyde for 24 h and embedded in paraffin. Sections (2 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The hematoxylin and eosin stain was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung Tissue

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We prepared and stained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded 5-micron-thick lung sections using standard procedures. Briefly, sections were deparaffinized through graded alcohols and washed in PBS. Heat-activated antigen retrieval was performed in a microwave oven using a citrate buffer (Target Retrieval Solution, S1699, DAKO) for 10 minutes. Endogenous peroxidases were blocked using a peroxidase blocker (DAKO Cytomation), and the slides were blocked for nonspecific protein binding by incubating in 10% normal serum for 45 minutes. Tissues were immunostained with a rabbit primary IgG to Irp2 (LS-B48, LS Bio) at a 1:50 dilution or with mouse anti-cytochrome C, (556433, BD Biosciences) at a 1:250 dilution or with rabbit monoclonal IgG to cytochrome C EPR1327 (D00355 Abcam) at a 1:50 dilution, or with rabbit anti-LC3B (L7543, Sigma Aldrich) at a 1:400 dilution and signals were developed using the VECTASTAIN Elite ABC Kit (PK-6101; Vector Laboratories), according to the manufacturers protocol. Hematoxylin and Eosin stains were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and staining was carried out as per manufacturer’s instructions. The negative control consisted of substituting PBS for the primary antibody.
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7

Synthesizing Gold Nanoparticles and Evaluating Cytotoxicity

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Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4.3H2O) was purchased from Sigma, USA. Zinc granulated metal (Zn) at a purity of 99.9% was purchased from VWR International, USA. Muller–Hinton agar and nutrient broth medium were purchased from HiMedia (India). The rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) cell line was kindly gifted from the Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research (ICCMGR). RPMI-1640 medium was purchased from Gibco (USA). Fetal calf serum, streptomycin, penicillin, acridine orange, ethidium bromide, trypsin-EDTA, and crystal violet stain were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Αlpha-hemolysin and b-tubulin antibodies were purchased from Abcam. Hematoxylin and eosin stains were purchased from Sigma (USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of the analytical grade level.
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung Tissue

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We prepared and stained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded 5-micron-thick lung sections using standard procedures. Briefly, sections were deparaffinized through graded alcohols and washed in PBS. Heat-activated antigen retrieval was performed in a microwave oven using a citrate buffer (Target Retrieval Solution, S1699, DAKO) for 10 minutes. Endogenous peroxidases were blocked using a peroxidase blocker (DAKO Cytomation), and the slides were blocked for nonspecific protein binding by incubating in 10% normal serum for 45 minutes. Tissues were immunostained with a rabbit primary IgG to Irp2 (LS-B48, LS Bio) at a 1:50 dilution or with mouse anti-cytochrome C, (556433, BD Biosciences) at a 1:250 dilution or with rabbit monoclonal IgG to cytochrome C EPR1327 (D00355 Abcam) at a 1:50 dilution, or with rabbit anti-LC3B (L7543, Sigma Aldrich) at a 1:400 dilution and signals were developed using the VECTASTAIN Elite ABC Kit (PK-6101; Vector Laboratories), according to the manufacturers protocol. Hematoxylin and Eosin stains were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and staining was carried out as per manufacturer’s instructions. The negative control consisted of substituting PBS for the primary antibody.
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9

Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Protocol

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Hematoxylin and eosin stains and NM (mechlorethamine hydrochloride; purity, 98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO). Paraffin wax for tissue block preparation was obtained from Triangle Biomedical Sciences (Durham, NC). DeadEnd Colorimetric TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) system was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI) and Fluoro MPO Fluorescent MPO Detection Kit was obtained from Cell Technology (Mountain View, CA). Primary antibodies for H2A.X and MMP-9, COX-2, and iNOS were obtained from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA), Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), and Abcam (Cambridge, MA), respectively. We used β actin antibody from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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