Alkali lignin (Wn = 1000~10,000) was purchased from Qunlin paper Group Co., China, pectin (P, galacturonic acid content ≥74%) and AA (99.0%) were supplied by Macklin, APS (98.0%) and poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDA, average Mn = 750, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). AgNO3 (99.8%), ammonia solution (NH3·H2O, 25.0∼28.0%), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.0%) was purchased from KESHI Chemical Works in Chengdu. Deionized water was used in the experiment. All solvents and chemicals were purchased from commercial sources and used as received, unless otherwise noted.
Pectin
Manufactured by Maclin Biochemical Technology
Sourced in China
Pectin is a natural, water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of various fruits and vegetables. It functions as a gelling agent, thickener, and stabilizer in food and pharmaceutical applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium caseinate, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Nah2po4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Na2hpo4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sucrose, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (2 mentions)
Poly ethylene glycol dimethacrylate pegda, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Corn oil, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Resveratrol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Cellulase, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Citrus pectin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dopamine hydrochloride, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Milli q ultrapure water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Nile red, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using pectin
1
Synthesis of Lignin-Based Functional Hydrogels
2
Nanomaterial-Infused Food Emulsion Formulation
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Sodium caseinate, corn oil, pectin, sucrose, sodium chloride, and e-TiO2-NPs (25 nm) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co. (Shanghai, China). Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Modified starch was obtained from a local food supplier.
3
Resveratrol-Pectin Nanocarrier Delivery
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Resveratrol and pectin were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China) and Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, USA) provided zein. Corn oil was purchased from Wuhan Baixing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., (Wuhan, China). The dialysis membranes with 1000Da MWCO were obtained from Yuanye Biological Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). The reagents used in the experiment were of analytical grade.
4
Characterization of AbSte7 Mutant in Carbon Utilization
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Assays evaluating colony growth in major carbon sources were conducted for ΔAbSte7 mutants according to Cho et al. (2015) (link). Mycelial growth of A. brassicicola WT and ΔAbSte7 mutant strains was assessed in minimal medium supplemented with 1% citrus pectin (cat# P9135-100g, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1% xylan (cat# X823251, Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., China), or 1% cellulose (cat# C804601, Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., China).
A series of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), including polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (Cx), β-glucosidase (β-G), polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase (PGTE), pectin methyl-trans-eliminase (PMTE), and pectin methylesterase (PME), was detected in hosts infected with the WT and ΔAbSte7 M1 mutant strains. At 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, the infected leaves were harvested for crude enzyme extraction and CWDEs were measured according to Yang et al. (2012) . All treatments were replicated three times. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Statistically significant differences between strains were determined by Student’s t-test (P < 0.05).
A series of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), including polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (Cx), β-glucosidase (β-G), polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase (PGTE), pectin methyl-trans-eliminase (PMTE), and pectin methylesterase (PME), was detected in hosts infected with the WT and ΔAbSte7 M1 mutant strains. At 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, the infected leaves were harvested for crude enzyme extraction and CWDEs were measured according to Yang et al. (2012) . All treatments were replicated three times. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Statistically significant differences between strains were determined by Student’s t-test (P < 0.05).
5
Isolation and Characterization of Pectin-Degrading Bacteria from Cigar Wrapper Leaf
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Samples collected from the cigar wrapper leaf from the Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of the China National Tobacco Corporation, were diluted with 0.9% sterile NaCl solution and then plated onto pectin agar plates (PAPs) containing 0.5% pectin (galacturonic acid≥ ≥ 74.0%, Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.), 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.3% (NH4)2SO4, 0.001% Fe2SO4, 0.1% MgSO4, and 1.8% agar powder. Inoculated plates were incubated for 48 h at 37 °C to obtain bacterial colonies. Colonies were picked, inoculated on fresh PAPs, and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h to obtain pure cultures. The pure cultures were maintained on Luria–Bertani (LB) agar plates at 4 °C and stored at − 80 °C with 15% glycerol for further use.
6
Optimizing Pectinase Activity: pH, Temperature, and Metal Ions
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The enzyme activity was highly influenced by the pH, temperature, and metal ions. The pH and temperature are important characteristics of a biocatalyst for use in industrial applications. The optimal pH of pectinase in the cell-free supernatant was assayed using citrate–phosphate (pH 6.0), phosphate (pH 7.0–8.0), and glycine–NaOH (pH 9.0–11.0) as buffers (50 mmol/L) and 0.2% pectin (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., China) as a substrate at 40 °C. The optimal temperature for pectinase activity was determined by incubating the reaction mixture from 30 °C to 70 °C at the optimal pH. The effects of metal ions (Ag+, K+, Li+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Fe3+) on pectinase activity were assayed at a concentration of 1.0 mM in the reaction mixture. Thermal stability was investigated by measuring pectinase activity every 20 min following incubation of the enzyme solution at 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C.
7
Pectin-Dopamine Functionalized PVDF Membrane
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A flat PVDF UF membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 50 kDa was provided by Rising Sun Membrane Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Pectin, dopamine hydrochloride (pDA), and 3-Aminopropy triethoxysilane (KH550) were all purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
8
Polyethersulfone Membrane Fabrication with Hydrocolloids
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Commercial polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (20 kDa, AMFOR INC, Beijing, China) was used throughout the experiment; its effective surface area was controlled at 42 cm2. Alginate (Tianjin Jingke Fine Chemical Research Institute, Tianjin, China), pectin (citrus peels, Macklin, Shanghai, China), and xanthan gum (Solarbio), were prepared with the concentrations found in Table 1 . Calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) were obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). The 1 mol·L−1 NaOH (AR) and formaldehyde (AR) were obtained from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q ultrapure water purification system (Millipore Simplicity, Molsheim, France).
9
Emulsion Formulation and Characterization
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Sodium caseinate, pectin, sucrose, and sodium chloride were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co. and a local food supplier, respectively. Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, Nile red, and fluorescein thiocyanate isomer I (FITC) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Modified starch and corn oil were obtained from a local food supplier. All chemicals were analytical grade. Double‐distilled water was used in all solutions.
10
Extraction and Characterization of Pectin
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Oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and gold kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis Planch) without any signs of mechanical damage or fungal decays were purchased from a local market (Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China). Galacturonic acid (GalA) was purchased from BoRui Saccharide (Yangzhou, China). Methanol and acetonitrile were purchased as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade reagents from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Alcohol oxidase and pectin were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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