MR images of the brain were acquired on the same day as the test or retest PET scan to define the regions of interest (ROIs). MR imaging was performed in an Achieva 3.0-T system (Philips) with a circularly polarized head coil. MR images were acquired in an axial 3D spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence, at 2.49 ms echo time, 6000 ms repetition time, and 15-degree flip angle. The image dimensions were 512 512 210 and pixel size was 0.47 0.47 1.0 mm.
Achieva 3.0 t system
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in Netherlands
The Achieva 3.0-T system is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner manufactured by Philips. It operates at a magnetic field strength of 3.0 Tesla, providing high-quality imaging capabilities for medical and research applications. The system is designed to capture detailed anatomical information and functional data, enabling healthcare professionals to make informed diagnoses and treatment decisions.
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Lab products found in correlation
Gd eob dtpa, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Ingenia 3.0 t system, by Philips (1 mentions)
Achieva 1.5t, by Philips (1 mentions)
Collagen type 1, by Corning (1 mentions)
Epidermal growth factor (egf), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Matrigel, by Corning (1 mentions)
8 channel phase coil, by Philips (1 mentions)
32 channel head coil, by Philips (1 mentions)
32 channel receive head coil, by Philips (1 mentions)
Eight channel sense head coil, by Philips (1 mentions)
19 protocols using achieva 3.0 t system
1
Brain MRI Acquisition for PET Imaging
2
Multimodal Imaging of Tumor-Bearing Mice
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Bioluminescence confirmed CNS-L mice were used for MR and PET imaging studies in the next few days after the NIRF imaging. MR imaging was performed using a Philips Achieva 3.0 T system. Mice were anesthetized with 2,2,2-Tribromoethanol (100 μl/g), fixed on the holder, and placed into the mouse-imaging coil. Gd-S5 or a control agent was delivered by the tail vein at a dose of 0.03 mmol of Gd/kg for the T1 mapping sequence in NALM6-luciferase tumor-bearing mice. The clinical commonly used MR contrast medium gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), which is a nonspecific agent, was used as control. On two separate days, mice received either a control enhance-agent (0.03 mmol of Gd/kg) or Gd-S5 (0.03 mmol of Gd/kg) injection and subsequent MR imaging, with at least 3 days between the scans to ensure most of the gadolinium were cleared. Axial T1-weighted images were acquired by using a gradient-echo sequence with the following parameters: TR/TE = 8.771/2.878 ms, FOV = 4.0 cm, slice thickness = −1 mm, slice spacing = 0.5, pixel spacing = 0.234 mm × 0.234 mm, and matrix = 128 × 128.
3
Imaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma with DOTA(Gd)-ANADYWR
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MR imaging was performed using a Philips Achieva 3.0 T system. Mice were anesthetized with 2,2,2-Tribromoethanol (100µL/g), fixed on the holder and placed into the mouse-imaging coil. At the beginning of scanning, sagittal section images using a localized sequence were obtained to target the HCC lesion. DOTA(Gd)-ANADYWR or control agent was delivered by tail vein at a dose of 0.03 mmol of Gd/kg for T1-weighted image in subcutaneous HCC-LM3 tumor-bearing mice, orthotopic HCC-LM3-luciferase tumor-bearing mice, c-Myc transgenic mice and DEN-induced HCC mice. Either nonspecific clinical agent Gadoteridol or hepatocyte-specific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist, Bayer, Germany) was used as a control. On two separate days, mice received either control enhance-agent (0.03 mmol of Gd/kg) or DOTA(Gd)-ANADYWR (0.03 mmol of Gd/kg) and MR imaging, with at least 3 days between scans to ensure most of the gadolinium was cleared. Axial T1-weighted images were acquired by using a turbo spin echo sequence with the following parameters: TR/TE = 450/15.4 ms; FOV = 4.0 cm; slice thickness= 1 mm; slice spacing = 0.5; pixel spacing = 0.234 mm × 0.234 mm; matrix = 128×128.
4
Conventional MRI Imaging Protocol
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Conventional MRI was performed with the Achieva 3.0 T system (Philips, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) using an eight-channel head coil, and included T1 fast field echo, axial T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), axial and sagittal T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and axial T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The main parameters were as follows: axial T1WI, turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence repetition time (TR) 3,056 ms; echo time (TE) 7.6 ms; inversion time 860 ms; axial T2WI, TSE sequence TR 500 ms; TE 80 ms; axial T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, TR 9,000 ms; TE 140 ms; inversion time 2,600 ms. For these sequences, the slice thickness was 6.0 mm, slice interval 1.0 mm, matrix 512×256, field of view (FOV) 230×220 mm, flip angle 90°, and number of excitations (NEX) 1. The parameters for sagittal T2WI were as follows: TSE sequence, TR 1,707 ms; TE 80 ms; slice thickness 6.0 mm; slice interval 1.0 mm; matrix 328×235, FOV 230×230×121 mm (length × width × height), and NEX 1.
5
Brain MRI Imaging Protocols at 3T
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Brain MRI scans were obtained at The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China using the Philips Achieva 3.0-T system with 8-channel SENSE receiver. The main sequences included the following. T1-weighted imaging: repetition time (TR), 600 ms; echo time (TE), 10 ms; flip angle (FA), 70°; section thickness, 5 mm; gap width, 1 mm; matrix, 256 × 163 mm2; and field of view (FOV), 230 × 230 mm2. Fast spin-echo T2-weighted imaging: TR, 3,000 ms; TE, 80 ms; FA, 90°; section thickness, 5 mm; gap width, 1 mm; matrix, 400 × 255 mm2; and FOV, 230 × 230 mm2. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging: TR, 11,000 ms; inversion time, 2,800 ms; TE, 120 ms; FA, 120°; section thickness, 4 mm; gap width, 1 mm; matrix, 232 × 101 mm2; and FOV, 230 × 230 mm2. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI): TR, 18 ms; TE, 26 ms; FA, 10°; section thickness, 0.6 mm; gap width, 1 mm; matrix, 244 × 200 mm2; and FOV, 220 × 220 mm2.
6
Dynamic MRI Contrast Imaging Protocol
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MR images were acquired on an Achieva 1.5 T, Achieva 3.0 T system, or Ingenia 3.0 T system (all from Philips Healthcare; Best, the Netherlands). Imaging sequences included a sagittal and coronal T2-weighted fast spin–echo sequence (section thickness, 3.0 mm; slice gap, 0.3 mm; field of view [FOV], 160 mm; TE, 80–90 ms; TR, 3000 ms; flip angle, 90°). Dynamic MRI images were acquired using a sagittal and coronal T1-weighted fast spin–echo sequence (section thickness, 3.0 mm; slice gap, 0.3 mm; FOV, 160 mm; TE, 12 ms; TR, 500–600 ms; flip angle, 80–90°). A bolus injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of the contrast agent (gadoteridol; ProHance; Bracco Eisai, Tokyo) was administered at 2.5 ml/s. A dynamic MRI scan was performed after contrast injection with 15 scans at 11-, 12-, or 13.2-s intervals.
7
IDH1 Wild-type GBM Imaging Protocol
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A total of seven IDH1 wild-type GBM patients, newly diagnosed without a prior history of treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, were included in this study (Table 1 ). MR images of patients were taken using Achieva 3.0T system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) 7 days or less before removal of the respective brain tumor. Axial images were planned parallel to the anterior and posterior limb of the corpus callosum. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine (4-2012-0212, 4-2014-0649).
8
Quantifying Glioblastoma Invasion in 3D Cultures
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We studied 23 IDH1 wild-type GBM patients, newly diagnosed and with no history of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy (Supplementary Table S1 ). MR images were captured using the Achieva 3.0 T system (Philips Medical Systems) within 7 d before removal of the respective brain tumor. Axial images were taken parallel to the anterior and posterior limbs of the corpus callosum. The invasion was quantified as the area occupied by the tumor, [T2 FLAIR − T1 contrast-enhanced (CE)]/T1 CE, as suggested in a previous study [22 (link)]. TS-forming GBM cells were established from fresh patient tissue specimens [10 (link)]. For TS culture [12 (link), 23 –25 (link)], cells were cultured in TS complete medium comprising DMEM/F-12 (Mediatech), 1× B27 (Invitrogen), 20 ng/mL bFGF, and 20 ng/mL EGF (Sigma-Aldrich). For 3D invasion assays [12 (link)], each well of a 96-well plate was filled with a mixed matrix comprising Matrigel, collagen type I (Corning Incorporated), and TS complete medium. Single spheroids were seeded inside the matrix prior to gelation, followed by the addition of TS complete medium over the gelled matrix to prevent drying. The invaded area was quantified as the occupied area after 72 h of culture relative to the occupied area at the start of culture, as (72 h – 0 h)/0 h.
9
Liver MRI and Proton MRS Analysis
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Liver MRI and in vivo single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) were performed using a Philips Achieva 3.0T system (Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, Netherlands) equipped with an 8-channel phase coil. Anatomical T1-weighted spin-echo MR images were obtained using the following parameters: repetition time (TR) 550 ms; echo time (TE) 10 ms; flip angle 60; field of view (FOV) 21 cm; slice thickness 3 mm; slice spacing 0.1 mm. 1H-MRS was used to measure hepatic metabolites. 2D-Spin-echo images in the coronal and sagittal regions were obtained for image-guided localization of voxel of interest (VOI) for spectroscopic data acquisition. Then, single-voxel MRS was performed by a stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence using the following parameters: TE 20 ms; TR 1500 ms; VOX 15 × 15 × 15 mm; total number of points 128; total number of average 64. Finally, eight-step phase cycling was used to suppress unwanted signals or artifacts. Signal intensities of the water peak at 4.7 ppm (Sw) and the intrahepatocellular fat peak at 1.2 ppm (Sf) were quantified. Liver fat % (LFP) is then calculated: Sf/(Sf + Sw) × 100% [11 (link)]. A liver fat of 5.56% is used as cutoff value for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [12 (link)].
10
Hippocampal Volumetry Using FreeSurfer
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Mukaino-9 MR images were obtained using a Philips Achieva 3.0-T system at each hospital. 3D T1weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo images (repetition time = The estimated total intracranial, hippocampal, and hippocampal subregion volumes were calculated using FreeSurfer version 7.1.0 (Figure S1). 28, (link)29 (link) All MR images and segmentations were visually checked to ensure the quality of the analyses. The hippocampal volumetry analysis was hypothesis-driven, and we specifically selected the whole hippocampus and the CA1, CA2/3, CA4 and dentate gyrus subfields. We considered the subicular complex (subiculum, presubiculum and parasubiculum) as one structure because, in general, the inner subfields are functionally indistinctive. The whole hippocampal and subfield volumes were normalized using the estimated total intracranial volume using the residual method. 30 (link) For the multiple regression analyses, the volumetric results were converted to z-scores and then entered into the model.
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