Chemical substances used for synthesis of aniline nanofibers, aniline monomer, hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonium persulfate (APS) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). Polyaniline nanofibers doped with Cl- ion-synthesized following the procedure described in the publication [39 (link)]. Substances necessary for preparation of the membrane mixture were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) (chloride ionophore III-selectophore, tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl) and high-molecular-weight poly(vinyl) chloride) (PVC)) and Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS)). Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide used to measure the dependence of the electrode potential on changes in pH were obtained from Chempur, while the salts of iron(II) (Na4Fe(CN)6 × 10H2O) and iron(III) (K3Fe(CN)6) were used to prepare the solutions differing in redox potential, respectively, from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA) and PPH (Polish Chemical Reagents, Gliwice, Poland). Other substances, such as inorganic salts, used to prepare the solution of the main ion (NaCl) and sodium salts of selected interfering anions (NaH2PO4, CH3COONa, Na2CO3, NaNO3, NaNO2, Na2SO4, NaF, NaBr) were purchased from Fluka. Salts of the highest purity available (pure pro analysis) and freshly deionized water were used to prepare all solutions.
Tetrahydrofuran
Manufactured by Chempur
Sourced in Poland
Tetrahydrofuran is a colorless, volatile, and flammable cyclic ether. It is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in industrial and laboratory settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Chempur (7 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Chempur (7 mentions)
Copper 1 bromide, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Toluene, by Chempur (5 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Chempur (2 mentions)
3 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α bromoisobutyryl bromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethylformamide, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chempur (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cdcl3, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
ε caprolactone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Polystyrene standards, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tin 2 ethylhexanoate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lamivudine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Poly vinyl alcohol, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
13 protocols using tetrahydrofuran
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Nanofibers
2
Functionalized Graphene Oxide and Polyamide Composites
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Graphene oxide (GO, c.a. 40% content of carbon) was purchased from the Institute of Electronic Materials and Technology (Warszawa, Poland). Cryogenic milled polyamide-6 (PA6) was kindly supplied by Azoty Group S.A. (Tarnów, Poland). Methanol (p.a.) and tetrahydrofuran (THF, p.a.) were bought from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland) and used as received. Other chemicals, ethanol (p.a.), 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APTES), triethylamine (TEA, >99%), 2-bromoisobutylyl bromide (BIBB, 98%), bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) (methyl)amine (PMDETA, 99%), copper (I) bromide (99.999%), acrylamide (AAM, electrophoresis grade, >99%), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP, >99%) and N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Synthesis of Cationic Polymer Brushes
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First, 2-(Trimethylsililoxy)ethyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMATMS and HEMA, Aldrich) were dried under molecular sieves. Second, 2-(N,N,N-Trimethylammonium)ethyl methacrylate chloride (ChMA, Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) as an 80% solution in water was dried under reduced pressure until a constant weight was achieved. Rhodamine B chloride (RhB, POCH S.A.), bipyridine (bpy, Sigma-Aldrich) and α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) were used without purification. Copper(I) bromide (Sigma-Aldrich) was purified as described in [38 (link)]. Methanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF) and other solvents were purchased from Chempur and stored under molecular sieves.
4
Surface Functionalization of Silicon Wafers
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Silicon wafers were obtained from ON Semiconductor (Roznov, Czech Republic). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, p.a.), sulfuric acid (96%, p.a.), hydrochloric acid (35–38%, p.a.), toluene (p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (THF, p.a.), dichloromethane (DCM, p.a.), ethanol (p.a.), and methanol (p.a.) were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). In addition to this, (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), α-bromophenylacetyl chloride (BPA-Cl, technical, 80%), triethylamine (TEA, puriss. p.a., ≥99.5%, GC), ethyl α-bromophenylacetate (EBPA, 97%), and methyl methacrylate (MMA, 99%, ≤30 ppm MEHQ as an inhibitor) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Anisole (>99%), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr, 99%) were purchased from Fluorochem (Hadfield, UK). Iron (III) bromide (FeBr3, anhydrous, >98%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar and stored in an argon atmosphere. MMA was passed through the basic alumina column to remove inhibitors before the polymerization, while anisole was passed through a neutral alumina column and dried over molecular sieves under argon atmosphere. Rest of chemicals were used as received.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems
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The following materials were used in the study: ε-caprolactone (purity 97%, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), calcium hydride (purity 95%, Sigma Aldrich), caprolactone (purity 97%, Sigma Aldrich), lamivudine (secondary pharmaceutical standard, purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), clarithromycin (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), acyclovir (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), rifampicin (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), tin 2-ethylhexanoate (purity 92.5–100% Sigma Aldrich), poly(vinyl alcohol) (31 kDa, degree of hydrolysis 86.7–88.7%, Roth, Zielona Góra, Poland), dichloromethane (purity 98.5%, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), methanol (purity 99.5%, Chempur), CDCl3 (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran (purity 99.8%, Chempur), acetonitrile (purity 99.9%, Sigma Aldrich), ammonium acetate (purity 97–100%, Chempur), glacial acetic acid (purity 99.5%, Chempur), polystyrene standards (analytical standard grade, Sigma Aldrich), sodium azide (purity 99.0%, Sigma Aldrich), and phosphate saline buffer (0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.0027 M potassium chloride and 0.137 M sodium chloride, pH 7.4, purity 99.9%, Sigma Aldrich).
6
Polymer Synthesis via Surface Initiation
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3,4-Dimethoxythiophene (>97%), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (p-TSA, 98%), and magnesium sulfate (anhydrous 99.5%) were all purchased from Fluorochem (Derbyshire, UK). Triethylamine (TEA, >99.5%), 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APTES, 98%), α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIB, 98%), 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA, 97%), copper(II) bromide (99.999%), copper(I) bromide (99.999%), and DMF (>99.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dichloromethane (DCM, p.a.), chloroform (p.a.), toluene (p.a.), dimethylformamide (DMF, p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (THF, p.a.), methanol (p.a.), ethanol (99.9%), hydrogen peroxide (30% p.a.), and ammonia solution (30% p.a.) were all purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). Hydrochloric acid (35–38% p.a.) was obtained from POCH S. A. (Gliwice, Poland). 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (>98%) was obtained from TCI Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Iron(III) chloride (99.5%) was purchased from Lab-Scan (Gliwice, Poland). Distilled chloroform and methanol used for sample purification after oxidative polymerization were additionally dried under molecular sieves (0.3 nm, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) before use. The rest of the chemicals were used as received.
7
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Polymer Brushes
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (p.a.), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (p.a.) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ammonium hydroxide (25%, p.a.) was purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland).
Polymer brushes: (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), α-bromoisoubtyryl bromide (BIB, 98%), triethylamine (Et3N, ≥99.5%), N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, 99%), (3-acrylamidoproplyl)trimethylamonnium chloride (APTAC, 75% solution in water), copper (I) bromide (99.999%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Toluene (p.a.), methanol (p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (p.a,), isopropanol (p.a.), dichloromethane (high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC grade, 99.8%) were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). Polished Prime Silicon Wafers were obtained from Cemat Silicon SA (Warszawa, Poland) and ITO glass with the ITO layer thickness of 150 nm was purchased from VisionTek System LTD (Cheshire, United Kingdom). Ammonia solution (25% p.a.) and sulfuric acid (≥95% p.a.) were obtained from POCH S. A. (Gliwice, Poland). Hydrogen peroxide (30% p.a.) was purchased from Stanlab (Lublin, Poland).
Polymer brushes: (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), α-bromoisoubtyryl bromide (BIB, 98%), triethylamine (Et3N, ≥99.5%), N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, 99%), (3-acrylamidoproplyl)trimethylamonnium chloride (APTAC, 75% solution in water), copper (I) bromide (99.999%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Toluene (p.a.), methanol (p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (p.a,), isopropanol (p.a.), dichloromethane (high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC grade, 99.8%) were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). Polished Prime Silicon Wafers were obtained from Cemat Silicon SA (Warszawa, Poland) and ITO glass with the ITO layer thickness of 150 nm was purchased from VisionTek System LTD (Cheshire, United Kingdom). Ammonia solution (25% p.a.) and sulfuric acid (≥95% p.a.) were obtained from POCH S. A. (Gliwice, Poland). Hydrogen peroxide (30% p.a.) was purchased from Stanlab (Lublin, Poland).
8
Fabrication of Polymer-Coated SPIONs
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SPIONs. Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (p.a.) and iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (p.a.) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ammonium hydroxide (25%, p.a.) was purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland).
Polymer scaffolds. Polished Prime Silicon Wafers were obtained from Cemat Silicon SA (Warszawa, Poland), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), a-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIB, 98%), triethylamine (Et3N, Z99.5%), N,N,N 0 ,N 00 ,N 00pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, 99%), (3-acrylamidoproplyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC, 75% solution in water), copper(I) bromide (99.999%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Toluene (p.a.), methanol (p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (p.a,), isopropanol (p.a.), and dichloromethane (HPLC grade, 99.8%) were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). Ammonia solution (25% p.a.) and sulfuric acid (Z95% p.a.) were obtained from POCH S. A. (Gliwice, Poland). Hydrogen peroxide (30% p.a.) was purchased from Stanlab (Lublin, Poland). Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL, mol wt 30 000-70 000, Quality Level-PREMIUM) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
Polymer scaffolds. Polished Prime Silicon Wafers were obtained from Cemat Silicon SA (Warszawa, Poland), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), a-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIB, 98%), triethylamine (Et3N, Z99.5%), N,N,N 0 ,N 00 ,N 00pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, 99%), (3-acrylamidoproplyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC, 75% solution in water), copper(I) bromide (99.999%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Toluene (p.a.), methanol (p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (p.a,), isopropanol (p.a.), and dichloromethane (HPLC grade, 99.8%) were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). Ammonia solution (25% p.a.) and sulfuric acid (Z95% p.a.) were obtained from POCH S. A. (Gliwice, Poland). Hydrogen peroxide (30% p.a.) was purchased from Stanlab (Lublin, Poland). Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL, mol wt 30 000-70 000, Quality Level-PREMIUM) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica
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Tetraethoxysilane (98%) (GC) (TEOS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (98%) (CTAB), dibutyltin dilaurate (95%), 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (95%), fluorescein sodium salt (Fl, > 97,5%), and hydrochloric acid ACS reagent (37%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). 9-(Hydroxymethyl)anthracene (> 98%) was purchased from TCI (Belgium). Perylene (Pe, 96%) was purchased from Koch-Light Laboratories (United Kingdom). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) buffer solution was prepared from a tablet purchased from Sigma Aldrich. One tablet dissolved in 200 mL of deionized water yields 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.0027 M potassium chloride and 0.137 M sodium chloride (pH = 7.4 at 25 °C). Sodium carbonate was purchased from Avantor Performance Materials S.A. (Poland). Ammonia solution (30%, p.a.), ethanol (96%, p.a.), tetrahydrofuran (p.a.), dichloromethane (p.a.) were purchased from Chempur (Poland). All reagents were used as received without purification. Deionized water was used in all procedures.
10
Biodegradable Polymer-Based Drug Delivery
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Following materials were used in study: ε-caprolactone (purity 97%, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) dried over calcium hydride caprolactone (purity 97%, Sigma Aldrich), distilled under reduced pressure prior use, stored under reduced pressure, lamivudine–secondary pharmaceutical standard (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), tin 2-ethylhexanoate (purity 92.5–100% Sigma Aldrich), Poly(vinyl alcohol) (31 kDA, degree of hydrolysis 86.7–88.7%, Roth, Zielona Góra, Poland), dichloromethane (purity 98.5%, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), methanol (purity 99.5%, Chempur), CDCl3 (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran (purity 99.8%, Chempur), polystyrene standards (Sigma Aldrich), acetonitrile (purity 99.9%, Sigma Aldrich), ammonium acetate (purity 97–100%, Chempur), glacial acetic acid (purity 99.5%, Chempur), sodium hydroxide (purity 98%, Chempur), hydrochloric acid (purity 99.9%, Chempur), polysorbate 80 (pharmaceutical grade, Biochemia Stosowana, Poznań, Poland), polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (PGHE) (pharmaceutical grade, Crode, Gouda, Netherlands), polystyrene standards (analytical standard grade, Sigma Aldrich).
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