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7 protocols using ab31624

1

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Cellular Markers

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Sections were prepared from the rehydrated paraffin-embedded tissues using IHC, and the sections were incubated with antibodies against Ki67 (1:200, ab15580, Abcam, UK), p-p65 antibody (1:200, ab31624, Abcam, UK), and CK2α (1:200, PA5-28686, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Sections were then stained with biotinylated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies to IgG (1:200; Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h and incubated with HRP-conjugated streptavidin for 1 h. Images were taken using a Leica DMI4000B microscope (Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions, Hamburg, Germany).
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2

Astrocyte Protein Quantification and Analysis

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After lysing astrocytes in radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer (P0013C, Beyotime, China), the lysate was centrifuged at 12000×g for 30 min at 4°C and the supernatant was collected. After quantitatively balancing the histone concentrations, the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) loading buffer was added, proteins were denatured at 95°C for 5 min, followed by electrophoresis on 10% SDS/PAGE gels (P0670, Beyotime, China), and then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking the nitrocellulose membrane (FFN08, Beyotime, China) with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA, ST023, Beyotime, China) for 2 h, antibodies against P-IKKα/β (1:100, ab194528, Abcam, U.S.A.), IKKα (1:500, ab38515, Abcam, U.S.A.), IKKβ (1:500, ab124957, Abcam, U.S.A.), P-IκBα (1:100, ab133462, Abcam, U.S.A.), IκBα (1:500, ab32518, Abcam, U.S.A.), P-p65 (1:100, ab31624, Abcam, U.S.A.), p65 (1:500, ab32536, Abcam, U.S.A.), AQP4 (1:1000, ab259318, Abcam, U.S.A.), and tubulin (1:2000, ab7291, Abcam, U.S.A.) were added and incubated overnight at 4°C. The membrane was washed the next day, and horseradish peroxidase-labeled secondary antibodies (1:2000, ab288151, Abcam, U.S.A.) were added and incubated at room temperature for 2 h. After washing the membrane, the ECL developer was added, and the Gel Doc™ XR with an imaging system (Bio-Rad, U.S.A.) was used to record images.
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3

Protein Quantification and Western Blot Analysis

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PDLCs were lysed in the presence of radioimmune precipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Beyotime), then total protein was captured and the protein was quantified by Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime). Equal amounts of proteins were utilized for Western blot. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Beyotime), and the blocking solution (Beyotime) was mixed with the membranes for 2 h. After that, the membranes were co-incubated with anti-Cleaved-caspase-3 (ab32042, 1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-BCL2 associated X (anti-Bax, ab32503, 1:1000, Abcam), anti-GAPDH (ab8245, 1:1000, Abcam), anti-TRAF6 (ab33915, 1:2000, Abcam), anti-RELA proto-oncogene (anti-P65, ab32536, 1:1000, Abcam), anti-phosphorylated-P65 (anti-p-P65, ab31624, 1:1000, Abcam), anti-IkappaBalpha (anti-IκBα, ab32518, 1:1000, Abcam) and anti-p-IκBα (ab133462, 1:1000, Abcam) at 4 °C overnight. The secondary antibody goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (ab205718, 1:20,000, Abcam) was mixed and this membrane on the second day, the proteins were then developed and analyzed in the FluorChem E system (Protein Simple, Silicon Valley, CA, USA).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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Total protein extracts from tissues and cells were prepared using RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Haimen, China) supplemented with PMSF (Beyotime). Sample protein concentration was measured using the bicinchoninic acid kit (Beyotime). Proteins were separated on 8–12% polyacrylamide gels by electrophoresis and subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). The membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 hour at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. After washing with Tris-buffered saline/0.1% Tween 20 (TBST), the membranes were incubated with secondary for 2 hours at room temperature and immunoreactive bands then detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence reagent. Antibodies against TGS101 (ab125011), CD206 (ab64693), iNOS (ab178945) α-SMA (ab240678), PAK1 (ab223849), collagen I (ab34710), collagen III (ab184993), p-p65 (ab31624), p65 (ab32536), p-IKKβ (ab114243), and p-IκBα (ab133462) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).
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5

Quantitative Protein Analysis of Cell Signaling

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A549 or H1650 cells were lysed. Then, the proteins were quantified using a BCA assay (#23225, Thermo Scientific). Subsequently, an equal amount of protein samples was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electro-transferred to 0.22 μm polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF, Millipore, HATF09025). The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA and incubated rabbit anti-PD-L1 (ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-IL-18 (ab243091, Abcam), anti-p65 (ab32536, Abcam), anti-p-p65 (ab31624, Abcam), anti-METTL3 (ab195352, Abcam), anti-p-IκBα (#2859, Cell Signaling), anti-IκBα (#9242, Cell Signaling), anti-YTHDF2 (#80014, Cell Signaling), anti-METT16 (#17676, Cell Signaling), anti-WTAP (#56501, Cell Signaling), anti-FTO (#14386, Cell Signaling), anti-ALKBH5 (#80283, Cell Signaling), anti-METTL14 (#51104, Cell Signaling) and anti-α-SMA (#14968, Cell Signaling) antibodies overnight at 4°C.β-actin (ab8226, Abcam) was used as the endogenous control. On the second day, the membranes were then incubated with a secondary antibody (Jackson, 1:10000) for 1 h at room temperature followed by three 10 min washes in TBST. The bands were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Detection Kit (E-IR-R308, Elabscience). Data were quantified using the ImageJ Launcher software (National Institutes of Health).
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6

Inflammatory Cytokine Regulation by EPSTI1

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Subsequently, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA, and Figure 3A shows that 10 μg/mL LPS induced distinct increases in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α as compared to those of the control (P < 0.001), whereas siEPSTI1 remarkably suppressed these inflammatory cytokines as compared to those of siNC (P < 0.01 or 0.05).
nonfat milk, followed by incubation with antibodies against EPSTI1 (1:200, sc-100657, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2, 1:100, sc-166943, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), Bcl-2 associated x protein (Bax, 1:200, sc-7480, Santa Cruz), cleaved-caspase 3 (1:500, ab32042, Abcam), cleaved-caspase 9 (1:500, ab2324, Abcam), p-p65 (1:500, ab31624, Abcam), p65 (1:1000, ab32536, Abcam), p-IκBα (1:200, sc-8404, Santa Cruz), and IκBα (1:200, sc-1643, Santa Cruz) at 4°C overnight. Afterward, membranes were incubated with peroxidaseconjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (1:2000, ab205718, Abcam) for 2 h. Blots were visualized with an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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7

HCMV Protein Localization in HTMCs

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HTMCs were infected with HCMV at MOI of 5 and stained for HCMV proteins with mouse anti-HCMV monoclonal antibody against IE-1 (MAB8129, Millipore) or pp65 (ab31624, Abcam), or glycoprotein B (gB; ab6499, Abcam). IE1, pp65, and gB were made visible by incubation with Alexa 488 conjugated-secondary antibody and stained for actin cytoskeleton using phalloidin. Images were photographed with a confocal microscope (LSM710, Zeiss).
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