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Flutamide flu

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgen medication developed by Schering-Plough, now owned by Merck. It functions as an antagonist of the androgen receptor, blocking the effects of androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Flutamide is primarily used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

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3 protocols using flutamide flu

1

Testosterone Modulation in Orchiectomized Rats

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Two to three months old male rats underwent bilateral ORX or sham operation under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg; Koch-Light. Lab. Ltd., Colnbrook, Bucks, England). After 1-week recovery, the rats were divided into three and/or five groups: 1. sham-operated (Sham) rats were subcutaneously injected with sesame oil (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) as a control; 2. ORX rats were subcutaneously injected with sesame oil; 3. ORX rats were treated with testosterone propionate (TP, 2 mg/kg; Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) (ORX + TP) via subcutaneous injection; 4. ORX rats were subcutaneously injected with TP combined with flutamide (Flu, 6 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) (ORX + TP + Flu); 5. ORX rats were subcutaneously injected with Flu (ORX + Flu) once daily for 7 days.
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2

Flutamide Effects on Pig Ovaries

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The experiment was conducted in accordance with the national guidelines and approved by the Local Ethics Committee at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland (approval number 150/2013, 187/2014 and 188/2014). Surgical procedures were performed by a veterinarian. In the present study, six pig neonates (Large White × Polish Landrace) from different litters were randomly allocated into two groups. Animals of the first group (n = 3) were injected s.c. daily with flutamide (FLU; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) between postnatal days 1 and 10. Flutamide was suspended in corn oil and administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. This dose was chosen on the basis of our previous experiments [13 (link), 14 (link)] as well as literature review [20 (link), 21 (link)] to effectively antagonize androgen action without exerting any toxic effects in the pigs. Animals in the second group (n = 3) served as controls (CTR) and were given a vehicle only (corn oil). On the day after the last injection (postnatal day 11), both ovaries from the two groups were excised and one gonad was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA isolation, while the contralateral gonad was fixed in Bouin’s solution. All piglets were housed with theirs mothers and siblings during the entire experiment.
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3

Endocrine Disruptors Exposure Evaluation

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2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (BPA, CAS # 80-05-7), 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol (BPS, CAS # 80-09-1), bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (BPF, CAS # 620-92-8), 17β-estradiol (E2, CAS #r 50-28-2), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2, CAS # 57-63-6) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Quentin Fallavier, France). Leibovitz 15 culture medium (L15), 4-(2hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), F-12 nutrient mixture (Ham's F12) powder, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium High Glucose (DMEM HG) powder, G418, hygromycin B, penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Fischer Scientific (Illkirch, France). Fetal calf serum (FCS) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Quentin Fallavier, France) and sodium bicarbonate and insulin from Dominique Dutscher (Brumath, France). ICI 182-780 (ICI) was purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK) and flutamide (FLU) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Quentin Fallavier, France).
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