Tskgel α 4000 and α 2500 columns

¹H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d₆ and D₂O at 25 °C. Chemical shifts in the ¹H NMR spectra were referenced using DMSO (2.5 ppm) and HDO (4.65 ppm). SEC was performed using a Prominence-i LC-2030 Plus system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an RID-20A refractive index and UV detectors and a combination of TSKgel α-4000 and α-2500 columns (300 mm length, 7.8 mm internal diameter; Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). The sample solutions were injected into the system and eluted with DMSO containing 10 mM LiBr at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min at 60 °C. DLS measurements were performed on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) with a 4 mW He–Ne laser (633 nm) at a detection angle of 173°. Fluorescence spectra were recorded on an FP-8500 (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) at an excitation wavelength of 480 nm.

¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO-d₆ at 25 °C, using a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany). Chemical shifts in ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were referenced using tetramethylsilane (0 ppm) and DMSO (39.5 ppm), respectively. SEC was performed using Prominence-i LC-2030 Plus (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an RID-20A refractive index detector (Shimadzu) and a combination of TSKgel α-4000 and α-2500 columns (300 mm length, 7.8 mm internal diameter) (Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). Sample solutions were injected into the system and then eluted with DMSO containing 10 mM LiBr at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min at 60 °C. The polydispersity index (M_w/M_n) was calculated using a calibration curve of standard PEG (Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA).