Murine or human tnfα

In vitro responses of cells to doxorubicin, GDC-0152, LCL161 and/or murine or human TNFα (Peprotech, USA) were determined by measuring the amount of ATP activity in cells using CellTiter-Glo 2.0 (Promega; USA), as previously described [26 (link)].

Murine or human M-CSF, murine or human TNF-α, and soluble human RANKL were purchased from PeproTech. In vivo mouse miR-182 inhibitor and its in vivo corresponding control, Eif2ak2 LNA, Ifnb1 LNA, and negative-control LNA were purchased from Exiqon. Human miR-182 inhibitor and its control were purchased from Ambion. mirVana^™ miRNA miR-182 mimic and its corresponding negative control (Cat # 4464058) were purchased from Life Technologies. Mouse rIFN-β was obtained from PBL Technology. IFN-β-neutralizing antibody (rabbit polyclonal antibody against mouse IFN-β) was from PBL Technology and the control IgG (rabbit) was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The miR-182 inhibitor (5′-TTCTACCATTGCCAA-3′) or the corresponding control (5′-ACGTCTATACGCCCA-3′) (HPLC purified, Exiqon) was packaged into CH-nanoparticles^{20 (link)}. The miR-182 inhibitor and its control obtained from Exiqon have fully phosphorothioate (PS)-modified backbones, which enhances stability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in vivo (http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/EXIQON/Marketing/guidelines/analyzing-rna-function-in-animal-models/).

Murine or human M-CSF, murine or human TNFα, human TGFβ1, and soluble human RANKL were purchased from PeproTech. Murine TGFβ1 was purchased from R&D systems. MG132, and Cycloheximide (CHX) were purchased from Millipore.