I view r software

The TMJ blocks were scanned using a micro-CT system, R-mCT2 (Cos-moScan GX, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The following imaging conditions were set for the present study: tube voltage, 90 kV; tube current, 160 μA: voxel size, 20 × 20 × 20 μm; exposure time, 3 min. Reconstruction time was approximately 20 s. The slices were scanned parallel to the condylar lateromedial plane and 512 frames were collected. The reconstructed images were processed by I-View-R software (Rigaku Corporation). A ×2 magnifying glass was used for the radiographic readings. Osseous abnormalities of the condyle were evaluated as cortical erosion, concavity, flattening, and osteophyte. Condylar cortical bone was considered normal if none of these signs were detected [33] .

In each group the condition of gutta-percha obturation in lateral canals at 1.0 and 3.0 mm was evaluated with micro-CT analysis. The imaging conditions for the micro-CT device (R_mCT, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) were a magnification of 6.7× (voxel size: 30 × 30 × 30 µm), a tube voltage of 90 kV, a tube current of 120 µA, and an imaging duration of 2 min. Imaging data for all samples were evaluated after visualization with i-View-R software (Rigaku). In addition, volume-measurement software (i-View Image Center, Kitasenju Radist Dental Clinic, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine obturation volumes in lateral canals by quantitatively evaluating cross-sectional screenshots of the four lateral canals at 1.0 and 3.0 mm from the working length. In this study, two operators performed the root canal obturation, and two evaluators, blinded to the obturation method, conducted the analysis by using volume-measurement software.