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6 protocols using ift140

1

Immunofluorescence Localization of Ciliary Proteins

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Cells were washed with PBS, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.2% triton X-100 for 10 minutes at room temperature, washed with PBS, and blocked with 1% BSA in PBS for 1 hour, and then incubated with antibodies against SMO (generous gift from Dr. K Anderson, and purchased from Abcam), IFT52, IFT81, IFT88, IFT140, BBS2, BBS5 (Proteintech) and acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma) overnight at 4 °C. To address localization of the SMO within cilia, cells were first treated with 500 nM SAG (Enzo Life Sciences) in DMSO. Following 3 washes in PBS, cells were incubated with anti-rabbit AF488 and anti-mouse AF594 (InVitrogen Technologies) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were washed 3X in PBS, and mounted with Vectashield containing 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Vector Laboratories). Immuno-labeled cells were viewed and imaged using a Leica TCS SPE confocal microscope configured on a DM550 Q upright microscope. Each ciliary antibody was examined in a minimum of three NHK and three ADPKD cell lines.
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2

Immunofluorescence Antibody Characterization

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Antibodies used were against the following proteins: acetylated tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# T6793, RRID:AB_477585, used 1:1000 for immunofluorescence, methanol fixation); ARL13B (Proteintech, Cat# 17711–1-AP, RRID:AB_2060867, 1:1000 for immunofluorescence, methanol fixation); ARL13B (Proteintech, Cat# 66739-1-Ig, RRID:AB_2882088, 1:1000 for immunofluorescence, methanol or 4% PFA fixation); GAPDH (Proteintech, Cat# 60004-1-Ig, RRID:AB_2107436, 1:5000 for immunoblotting); GFP (BioLegend, Cat# 902601, RRID:AB_2565021, 1:5000 for immunoblotting, methanol fixation); IFT88 (Proteintech, Cat# 13967-1-AP, RRID:AB_2121979, 1:300 for immunofluorescence, 4% PFA fixation); IFT140 (Proteintech, 17460-1-AP, RRID:AB_2295648, 1:100 for immunofluorescence); RPGRIP1L (Proteintech, Cat# 55160–1-AP, RRID:AB_10860269, 1:200 for immunofluorescence, Methanol fixation); and SMO (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-166685, RRID:AB_2239686, 1:100 for immunofluorescence, 4% PFA fixation).
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3

Antibodies for Ciliogenesis and Signaling

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The following primary antibodies were used: acetylated α-tubulin (T7451, diluted 1:2000 for immunofluorescence, Sigma), γ-tubulin (T6557, Sigma), FLAG (F1804, Sigma), HA (H3663, Sigma), CEP83 (HPA038161, Sigma), CEP164 (SAB3500022, Sigma), CEP290 (ab84870, Abcam), TALPID3 (24421-1-AP, Proteintech), ARL13b (17711-1-AP, Proteintech), FBF1 (11531-1-AP, Proteintech), TCTN1 (15004-1-AP, Proteintech), SCLT1 (14875-1-AP, Proteintech), IFT140 (17460-1-AP, Proteintech), β-actin (sc-47778, diluted 1:5000 for western blotting, Santa Cruz), SMO (sc-166685, Santa Cruz), CEP89 (ab204410, Abcam), ANKRD26 (GTX128255, GeneTex), polyglutamylated tubulin (ALX-804-885-C100, diluted 1:2000 for immunofluorescence, Enzo Life Sciences), GLI-3 (AF3690, R&D Systems), ODF2 (H00004957-M01, Abnova), and Polycystin-2 (Baltimore Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Research and Clinical Core Center). The secondary antibodies were goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488/594 or goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488/594 (1:1000 dilution). Primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 for immunofluorescence and 1:2000 for western blotting experiments unless otherwise specified. Uncropped versions of blots can be found in Supplementary Fig. 9.
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4

Cilia Protein Localization and Analysis

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Antibiotics: ampicillin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and puromycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).
Antibodies: ARL13B (1:100; Proteintech, Munich, Germany), GAPDH (1:10,000; Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), GT335 (1:1500; Proteintech, Germany), IFT88 (1:200; Proteintech, Germany), IFT140 (1:200; Proteintech, Germany), Rootletin (1:250; SantaCruz, Heidelberg, Germany), TTC30 (1:100; SantaCruz, Germany), acetylated tubulin (1:2500; Sigma, Burlington, MA, USA), and γ-tubulin (1:500; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA); secondary antibodies: Alexa Fluor 488/568 (1:350; Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) and goat α rabbit/mouse antibodies (1:10,000; Jackson ImmunoResearch, Philadelphia, PA, USA).
Cell culture: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, USA).
Immunoprecipitation: anti-Flag-M2-agarose beads (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and Flag-peptide (Sigma-Aldrich, USA).
Immunofluorescence staining: PFA (Morphisto, Offenbach, Germany) and Fluoromount-G (Invitrogen, USA).
Cell lines: HEK293T (CRL-3216, ATCC) for immunoprecipitation and protein complex analysis; hTERT-RPE1 cells (CRL-4000, ATCC) efficiently assemble primary cilia suitable for localization studies and phenotype analysis.
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5

Immunostaining Techniques for Microtubule Study

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Antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin, γ-tubulin, Flag (Sigma-Aldrich), acetylated lysine, α-tubulin, Cep164, ninein (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), TMEM67, MKS1, IFT140, IFT88, CP110 (Proteintech), HDAC6 (abgent), and GFP (Roche) were purchased from the indicated sources. Rhodamine- and fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, and Alexa Fluor 405-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Invitrogen. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Tubastatin A and tubacin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. DAPI and tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated phalloidin were from Sigma-Aldrich. Control and HDAC6 siRNAs and plasmids expressing HA-HDAC6, GFP-HDAC6, and GFP-α-tubulin were described previously38 (link)44 (link), and various mutants were generated by PCR and site directed mutagenesis. The plasmid expressing mCherry-β-tubulin was constructed by PCR using the pmCherry-C1 vector (Clontech). Plasmids expressing Flag-cortactin wild-type, 9KQ, and 9KR plasmids were obtained from Edward Seto (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, USA).
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6

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Ciliary Proteins

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Cells were washed with PBS, then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde/0.2% triton X-100 in PBS for 10 minutes at room temperature. Cells were washed again with PBS, and blocked with 1% BSA in PBS for 1 hour. Cells were then incubated with antibodies against SMO (Abcam), IFT52, IFT81, IFT88, IFT140, BBS2, BBS5 (Proteintech), ARL13B and INNP5E (Proteintech) and α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma), and polyglutamylated tubulin (Adipogen) overnight at 4° C. Following 3 washes in PBS, cells were incubated with anti-rabbit AF488 and anti-mouse AF594 (InVitrogen Technologies) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were washed 3X in PBS, and mounted with Vectashield containing 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Vector Laboratories). Immuno-labeled cells were viewed and imaged using a Leica TCS SPE confocal microscope configured on a DM550 Q upright microscope.
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