Nt 530

A total of 68 subjects between the ages of 21 and 32 years were recruited from Henan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2020 to February 2021. Approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital. All participants signed written informed consent after being informed about the nature and possible consequences of the project, in compliance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
All the participants underwent the collection of disease history and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction error (non-cycloplegic), non-contact tonometer (NT-530, NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan) for intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp, and fundus photography (DRS, Padova, Italy). Axial length was measured (IOL Master 500; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jean, Germany). The spherical equivalent (SE) of all eyes was calculated followed by the spherical power plus half of the negative cylinder power. The inclusion criteria were 20–35 years of age; BCVA 20/20 or better; 10–21 mmHg of IOP; no eye tremor, and good fixation. The exclusion criteria were the use of any eye drops recently, abnormal physical development in eyes, any history of general diseases, ocular diseases and eye surgeries, and pregnant and lactating women.

This study initially included 588 eyes from 294 healthy, young volunteers who visited the Armed Forces Capital Hospital for a health screening checkup. All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including a slit-lamp biomicroscopy, refraction,best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP). Additionally, central corneal thickness (NT-530, NIDEK Co., LTD, Gamagori, Aichi, Japan), axial length (IOLMaster, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) were measured, and OCT and OCTA using the Zeiss Cirrus 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) was performed. All subjects underwent a 3 × 3 mm angiography scan in the peripapillary area using the AngioPlex OCTA device from the Zeiss Cirrus 5000 system, without pupil dilation, and no eyedrops or gels were used to degrade the image quality. The excluded subjects were those with a history of systemic disease including diabetes and hypertension, a history of neuro-ophthalmic or retinal disease, media opacity, glaucoma, a history of ocular trauma, an IOP > 21 mmHg, BCVA < 20/25, OCTA scan with an SS < 7, a, and the presence of a segmentation error in the OCTA scan. If both eyes met the inclusion criteria, one eye was randomly selected. Finally, 259 eyes from 259 healthy, young subjects were included in this study.

A slit-lamp microscope examination of the anterior segment was used to identify lens subluxation if the lens edge was clearly visible after pupil dilation. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using non-contact tonometry (NCT; Nidek NT-530, Aichi, Japan). All anterior segment eye photographs were recorded.

All patients in this study underwent comprehensive ocular examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, IOP measurement with noncontact tonometry (Nidek NT-530, Gamagori, Japan), K measurement with an ophthalmokeratometer (Topcon KR-8100A, Tokyo, Japan or Nidek ARK-1, Gamagori, Japan), CCT measurement with a CASIA (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan), ACD measurement with a CASIA, AL measurement with an IOL Master 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) or OA2000 (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan), and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The IOL power was calculated using the SRK/T, Barrett Universal II (Barrett), Hill-Radial Basis Function (RBF) 3.0, and Kane formula. We measured AL in the phakic mode preoperatively and in the pseudophakic mode postoperatively. Patients were followed up at more than 1 month after phacoemulsification.

Each examination was performed at the baseline, and 1 day and 1 week after the IVR injection. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a noncontact tonometer (NT-530, NIDEK, Gamagori, Aichi), and the degree of ME was determined from the images recorded by a Heidelberg Spectralis OCT instrument (Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Heidelberg, Germany). For qualitative and quantitative analyses of the OCT images, the fast macula protocol was used to obtain images with an automatic real-time calculation of the mean value of 9 which acquires 25 horizontal lines consisting of 1024 A-scans/line. The central macular thickness (CMT) was defined as the thickness between the internal limiting membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium at the fovea, and the value was automatically calculated for the central subfields of the macular thickness map using the bundled software.