Alpha modified eagle s medium a mem

N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), 2′, 7′-dichlorodihy-drofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA), calcein-AM, Hoechst33258, 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI), penicillin, streptomycin, leupeptin, pepstatin A, deaprotinin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies against cytochrome c, bcl-2, bax, cleaved Caspase-3, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin (β-actin) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). AnnexinV–FITC/PI kit was obtained from KeyGen Biotech (Nanjing, China). Fetal bovine serum and alpha-modified Eagle’s medium (a-MEM) were purchased from Gibco (Waltham, MA, USA). Cell Mitochondria Isolation Kit, Enhanced Chemiluminescence detection kit, Western and immunoprecipitation (IP) Cell Lysis Kit, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein (BCA) Protein Assay Kit, and 5, 5′, 6, 6′-tetrachloro-1, 1′, 3, 3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanineiodide (JC-1) were purchased from Beyotime (China). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay kit was purchased from DojinDo (Japan).

Artemisinin (purity ≥ 98%), soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol (CHOL), magnetic iron oxide, tamoxifen (an anti-cancer drug, as the positive control, purity ≥ 99%) and human transferrin (partially iron saturated, purity ≥ 98%) were obtained from Sigma (USA). Acetonitrile and ammonium sulphate were purchased from Merck (Germany). Alpha-modified Eagle's medium (aMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (USA).