All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including visual acuity (VA) examination, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscope, visual fields assessment (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, United States), electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) (LKC UTAS E3000 LKC Technologies, Inc., United States). The OCT (Cirrus OCT 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, United States) was performed for each patient to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The MRI was performed in 2 patients and CT scan was completed in the other 2 patients. The audiological, urological, neurological and psychiatric examinations results were recorded from the medical records.
Cirrus oct 5000
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in United States
The Cirrus OCT 5000 is a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system designed to capture high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and optic nerve. It utilizes non-invasive, near-infrared light to provide detailed information about the structure and layers of the eye.
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5 protocols using cirrus oct 5000
1
Comprehensive Ophthalmic and Neurological Evaluation
2
Comprehensive Evaluation of Optic Nerve Atrophy
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Both patients underwent complete routine biochemical and ophthalmic tests Including blood, urine, stool routine test, VA examination, visual fields assessment (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, United States), the funduscope, optical coherence tomography (Cirrus OCT 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, United States) and Periorbital MRI scans (philips Achieva 1.5 T, Netherlands) was performed for each patient to evaluate the nerve fiber layer around the optic nerve head is atrophied. Brain MRI was performed in 2 patients. The audiological, urological and psychiatric examinations results were recorded from the medical records.
3
Comprehensive Ophthalmic Evaluation Protocol
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All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluations, including medical history, family history, and basic and auxiliary examinations. The chief complaint, the course of the disease and accompanying symptoms were recorded in detail. In addition, every patient was asked whether his parents were consanguineous and whether other family members were affected. Basic and auxiliary examinations included best corrected visual acuity, tonometry, color vision (Ishihara color plate), slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus examination, frequency domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus OCT 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, United States), Humphrey VisualField Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, United States), full-field electroretinography (ERG), and visual evoked potential (VEP) (LKC UTAS E3000 LKC Technologies, Inc., United States) tests. A preliminary assessment of systemic conditions was performed by measuring the fasting blood glucose concentration, pure-tone audiometry, and urine specific gravity. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography was used to exclude neoplasms.
4
Long-Term Outcomes of Macular Hole Surgery
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Follow-up was performed for at least 6 months in all patients. BCVA was examined at 3 and 6 months after surgery. OCT (CIRRUS OCT5000; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) was used to determine the closure of the macular hole and retinal reattachment. The connection of the histological components in the macular hole was considered closed. Tissue defect is seen in the macular hole, and whole layer loss of the neural epithelium was considered not closed. Retinal reattachment was defined as the neural epithelium and pigment epithelium fitting in the macular area; otherwise, retinal reattachment was considered as failed. Intraoperative and postoperative ocular and systemic adverse events were observed during the study period. Serious adverse events included anesthesia accident, apnea, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, fulminant intraocular hemorrhage, and intraocular infection.
5
Multimodal Imaging of Age-related Macular Degeneration
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An experienced retinal specialist performed a dilated fundal examination to confirm the diagnosis of AMD, and verified the absence of ophthalmic pathology in normal controls. Best-corrected VA was assessed with the Snellen chart, and converted to logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (LogMAR) equivalent. Participants then underwent multimodal imaging, with cross-sectional and enface spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT, Spectralis HRA-2, Heidelberg Engineering, Inc, Heidelberg, Germany), OCTA (OCTA, Angioplex, Cirrus OCT 5000, Zeiss, Dublin, CA, USA), and IR fundus. This involved volume scans capturing images at enhanced depth and high speed over a 6 × 6 mm macular region centered on the fovea, with 25 B-scans (~ 240 µm between each scan).
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