Metazachlor

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Metazachlor is a herbicide primarily used for weed control in various crop applications. It functions as an inhibitor of cell division and photosynthesis in susceptible plant species.

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Lab products found in correlation

6 protocols using metazachlor

Pesticide Concentrations in Signal Crayfish Exposure

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Metazachlor (MTZ), chemical purity 99.7%; terbuthylazine (TER), chemical purity 99.4%; and thiacloprid (TCL), chemical purity 99.9%, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (USA). Chemicals were dissolved in dechlorinated tap water to obtain 20 μg/L, 4 μg/L, and 6 μg/L for MTZ, TER, and TCL, respectively. Actual concentrations of chemicals in water during the experiments were within 96% of the nominal concentrations (Table 2). The analyses of pesticides in water were performed by the State Research Institute in Prague using methods described by Anastassiades et al. (2003 (link)) and Anastassiades et al. (2007 ).Table 2

Concentrations of Metazachlor (MTZ), terbuthylazine (TER), and thiacloprid (TCL) in exposure and control groups of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

Group	Tank (n)	Nominal concentration (µg/L)	Concentration (µg/L)Mean ± SD	t	p-value
MTZ	6	20	19.3±1.5	-1.2	0.28
Control	6	˗	< 0.010	˗	˗
TER	6	4	3.9 ± 0.1	− 1.93	0.11
Control	6	˗	< 0.010	˗	˗
TCL	6	6	5.7 ± 0.3	− 2.18	0.08
Control	6	˗	< 0.010	˗	˗

t, t-score. p < 0.05. The limit of detection for the concentrations was 0.010 µg/L

Malinovska V., Kuklina I., Lozek F., Velisek J, & Kozak P. (2023). Responses of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to single short-term pulse exposure of pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(18), 51740-51748.

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Pesticide Exposure Assay Protocol

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Glutathione (reduced form, GSH), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), acetochlor, butachlor, metazachlor, and bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Alachlor and malathion were purchased from Fluka (Darmstadt, Germany). Other pesticides were obtained from Riedel de Haen (Hanover, Germany).

Kupreienko O., Pouliou F., Konstandinidis K., Axarli I., Douni E., Papageorgiou A.C, & Labrou N.E. (2023). Inhibition Analysis and High-Resolution Crystal Structure of Mus musculus Glutathione Transferase P1-1. Biomolecules, 13(4), 613.

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Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymer Materials

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L-Lactide and glycolide (Glaco Ltd., Beijing, China) were purified by recrystallization from ethyl acetate and was dried in a vacuum oven at room temperature. ε-caprolactone was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) and purified using reduced pressure vacuum distillation. Corn dextrin (dextrose equivalent DE; 9–12) and maltodextrin (DE; 12–14) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mw = 4600 g/mol (Aldrich Corp., Steinheim, Germany) was dried in a vacuum oven at room temperature. Catalysts, zinc acetylacetonate Zn(acac)₂ and zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate Zr(acac)₄ were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and used without any additional purification. Both herbicides, i.e., metazachlor and pendimethalin, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Organic solvents such as methanol and chloroform were purchased and used as received (Chempur, Piekary Slaskie, Poland).

Lewicka K., Dobrzynski P, & Rychter P. (2020). PLAGA-PEG-PLAGA Terpolymer-Based Carriers of Herbicides for Potential Application in Environment-Friendly, Controlled Release Systems of Agrochemicals. Materials, 13(12), 2778.

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Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and Lactide/Glycolide

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The reagent used to grafting were ε-caprolactone (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) purified using reduced pressure vacuum distillation, dextrin from corn (dextrose equivalent DE; 9-12) and maltodextrin (DE; 12-14) which were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Zinc acetylacetonate Zn(acac)2—catalyst (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) were used as received.
L-lactide and glycolide (Glaco Ltd., Beijing, China) were purified by recrystallization from ethyl acetate and was dried in a vacuum oven at room temperature. Polyethylene glycol—PEG 4600 (Aldrich Corp., Steinheim, Germany) was dried in a vacuum oven at room temperature. Zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate Zr(Acac)4 (Aldrich Corp., Steinheim, Germany) was catalyst of the copolymerization were used as received. Metazachlor and pendimethalin (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. Methanol, chloroform, and other organic solvents (Chempur, Piekary Slaskie, Poland) were used as received.

Lewicka K., Rychter P., Pastusiak M., Janeczek H, & Dobrzynski P. (2020). Biodegradable Blends of Grafted Dextrin with PLGA-block-PEG Copolymer as a Carrier for Controlled Release of Herbicides into Soil. Materials, 13(4), 832.

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Pesticide Exposure Evaluation Protocol

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Reduced glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), bovine serum albumin (BSA), kanamycin, acetochlor, butachlor, metazachlor and propachlor were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The pesticides alachlor and malathion were obtained from Fluka. The rest of the pesticides were purchased from Riedel de Haen (Seelze, Germany).

Bodourian C.S., Poudel N., Papageorgiou A.C., Antoniadi M., Georgakis N.D., Abe H, & Labrou N.E. (2022). Ligandability Assessment of Human Glutathione Transferase M1-1 Using Pesticides as Chemical Probes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3606.

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Chemical Compounds for Exposure Studies

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The following chemicals were used for exposure studies: atrazine (CAS 1912-24-9), 99.3% purity, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; deltamethrin (CAS 52918-63-5), 99.5% purity, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; diazinon (333-41-5), 99% purity, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; Dimethyl sulfoxide (CAS 67-68-5), 99.9% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA; diuron (CAS 330-54-1), 98.8% purity, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (CAS 7722-84-1), Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany; metazachlor (CAS 67129-08-2), 99.5% purity, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; sulforaphane (SFN) (CAS 4478-93-7), 90% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany; terbutylazine (tBA) (CAS 5915-41-3), 99.5% purity, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; tertbutylhydroquinone (tBHQ) (CAS 1948-33-0), 97% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA.
The compounds were dissolved in 20 mM stock solutions of atrazine, deltamethrin, diazinon, diuron, metazachlor, and terbutylazine in 99% EtOH and stored at −20 °C. Stock solutions of H₂O₂ and tBHQ of 100 mM were prepared in 99% EtOH and stored at −20 °C for every new experiment. A 50 mM stock of SFN in 99% EtOH was prepared and stored at −80 °C.

Lungu-Mitea S., Oskarsson A, & Lundqvist J. (2018). Development of an oxidative stress in vitro assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell lines. Scientific Reports, 8, 12380.

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