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12 protocols using nickel acetate

1

Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Telluride Nanoparticles

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Starting materials such as ascorbic acid
(C6H8O6), cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide (CTAB), sodium telluride
(Na2TeO3), nickel acetate (Ni(CH3CO2)2·2H2O), cobalt acetate
(Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O) from (Sigma-Aldrich),
and deionized water from a milli-Q-ultra pure (18.2 MΩ cm–1) system were used. Initially, CTAB was dissolved
in 40 mL of deionized water with vigorous stirring to form a homogeneous
solution. Then C6H8O6, 1.88 mmol
of Na2TeO3, 1.25 mmol of Ni(CH3CO2)2·2H2O, and 0.63 mmol of Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O salts were added to
the above solution. Immediately, white TeO2 precipitate
was observed. This solution mixture was stirred for nearly 30 min
with the addition of 40 mL of deionized water. The solution was transferred
to a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave and maintained at 180
°C for 24 h. The final product was washed well with ethanol and
distilled water several times to remove the excess impurities. Then
it was dried to obtain the sample coded as NCT 1. Moreover, the samples
coded as NCT 2 and NCT 3 were obtained by the same process with 0.94
and 0.63 mmol of Ni(CH3Co2)2·2H2O and 0.94 and 1.25 mmol of Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O, respectively. Wet chemically prepared nickel
cobalt telluride (NCT-W) is briefly discussed in the Supporting Information.
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2

Formulation and Characterization of Liposomes

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RPMI1640, l-glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin, and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Paisley, UK). EpiLife® Medium, with 60 µM calcium; Human Keratinocyte Growth Supplement (HKGS); and nitric acid were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DSPG) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Methoxypolyethyleneglycol-distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG2000; with mPEG MW2000Da) was obtained from Genzyme (Suffolk, UK). Cholesterol (Chol), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Triton-100, ATO, nickel acetate, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide powder (MTT), and dialysis tubing were purchased from Sigma (Welwyn Garden City, UK). DMEM Media—GlutaMAX™, methanol, and dichloromethane were obtained from Thermofisher (Paisley, UK). An Annexin V FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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3

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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The FTO glass substrate
(TEC7, ∼8 Ω/sq) was used as the substrate and sequentially
cleaned in deionized water, acetone, isopropanol, and UV–ozone
cleaner for 15 min. The NiO precursor solution was prepared by dissolving
0.5 M nickel acetate (99.998%, trace metal basis, Sigma-Aldrich) and
ethanolamine (99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich) in ethanol and stirring overnight
at 60 °C; this was the same as that in our previous study.72 (link) The solution was spin-coated on a FTO substrate
at 6000 rpm for 40 s and annealed at 325 °C for 10 min. Then,
the NiO film was treated by the He DBDjet. Next, the sample was immediately
transferred into a nitrogen-filled glovebox, and the perovskite film
was deposited on the NiO film by a one-step process.44 (link) The perovskite precursor was prepared by dissolving 1.2
mM PbI2 (99.999%, metals basis, Alfa Aesar) and CH3NH3I (MAI, 98%, Dyesol) in dimethylformamide (99.8%,
Sigma-Aldrich). After perovskite deposition, PC61BM, doped
with DMOAP, and BCP were deposited on the perovskite layer, which
served as ETL.43 (link) Finally, 85 nm Ag with
the area of 0.09 cm2 was deposited using an e-beam evaporator
as the top electrode.
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4

Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Assays

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Metal salts were purchased from Sigma, (St. Louis, MO, USA): 10ÿ PBS (D1408), sodium tungstate (379751), sodium acetate (59929), nickel acetate (379883), and cobalt acetate (399973). Test kits were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA): Multitox Cytotoxicity Assay (G9270), and Caspase Glo 3/7 Assay (G8091). Tissue culture supplies (unless otherwise noted) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA): Hyclone molecular biology grade water (SH30538), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI-1640) cell culture medium supplemented with l-glutamine (SH30027FS), Neuronal Growth Factor (NGF) 2.5S natural mouse (356004), rat tail Collagen I (CB-40236), 100ÿ penicillin/streptomycin solution (SV30010), equine serum (donor herd defined and heat inactivated, SH3007403HI), fetal bovine serum (FBS-heat inactivated, SH3008803HI), and nitric acid (PN A467-1 Optima grade). Buffer RLT (PN-79216) was purchased from Qiagen (Germantown, MD, USA).
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5

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

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Ethyl piperazine 99%, carbon disulfide 99%, nickel acetate (Sigma Aldrich), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (Sigma Aldrich), oleylamine (OLA) 99%, sodium hydroxide (99%), methanol (99.5%), chloroform, acetone, and hexane were used as purchased without any further purification.
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6

Liposome Preparation Protocol

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Soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (AL, USA). Methoxypolyethyleneglycol-di-stearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG2000; with mPEG MW2000Da) was obtained from Genzyme (UK). Cholesterol (Chol), PBS, Triton-100, ATO, nickel acetate and dialysis tubing were purchased from Sigma (UK). Methanol and dichloromethane were from Thermofisher (UK). RPMI1640, L-glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Invitrogen Life Technologies (UK).
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7

Biomolecular Interactions with Lectins

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Poly(ethylene
glycol), HEPES, sodium acetate,
glacial acetic acid, sodium hydroxide pellets, calcium chloride, glyceraldehyde,
Nisin A, zinc acetate, and nickel acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(UK). Lectins concanavalin A (Con-A), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) were purchased from Vector Laboratories (USA). Nisin was dialyzed
against PBS buffer for 24 h (5 buffer changes) to ensure that all
salts were removed before use. HEPES buffer solution (10 mM) was prepared
using solid powder and adjusted to pH 7.4 using sodium hydroxide pellets.
Sodium acetate buffer (0.2M) was prepared by mixing sodium acetate
and glacial acetic acid in deionized water and adjusted to pH 5 with
sodium hydroxide pellets.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles

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Silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), potassium ferricyanide K3[Fe(CN)6)], nickel acetate [Ni(OAc)2], Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), penicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, fetal bovine serum, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, MO, USA. All the chemicals were used without further purification.
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9

Graphene-Nickel Composite Synthesis

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Graphene, nickel acetate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O, 98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, ACS reagent, 0.5 mol L−1), glycol, ammonium persulfate (APS, 98%), ammonia (NH4OH, anhydrous, 5%) and phenylamine (reagent grade, 98%), sodium hypophosphite, sodium citrate and sodium hydroxide (anhydrous, 2mol L−1), N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) and l-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without any further purification.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes

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4-Bromosalicylaldehyde, cyclopentylamine, copper acetate, nickel acetate, zinc bromide, zinc nitrate and sodi-um dicyanamide were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All other chemicals were commercial obtained from Xiya Chemical Co. Ltd. Elemental analyses of C, H and N were carried out in a Perkin-Elmer automated model 2400 Series II CHNS/O analyzer. FT-IR spectra were obtained on a Perkin-Elmer 377 FT-IR spectrometer with samples prepared as KBr pellets. UV-Vis spectra were obtained on a Lambda 35 spectrometer. Single crystal structural X-ray diffraction was carried out on a Bruker APEX II CCD diffractometer. 1 (link) H NMR data were recorded on a Bruker 500 MHz instrument. Molar conductivities of the complexes in DMSO solutions (10 -3 M) at room temperature were measured using a Systronic model 303 direct reading conductivity meter.
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