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194 protocols using ds fi2

1

Imaging Primordial Germ Cells in Zebrafish

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For imaging of PGCs at 10 and 24 hpf, embryos were anaesthetized with 0.04% tricaine and mounted in 2% methylcellulose on a depression slide. Images of PGCs at these embryonic stages were recorded with a Leica DMR using a Nikon DS- Fi2 digital camera. Three dpf embryos were instead embedded in 0.8% low-melting agarose and analysed with the Nikon C2 confocal system provided with the software NIS ELEMENTS.
WMISH-stained organs, as well as immunohistochemistry embryos, were mounted in 80% glycerol in phosphate-buffered saline plus 0.1% Tween 20 (Sigma, P1379), observed under a Leica M165 FC microscope, and photographed with a Nikon DS-Fi2 digital camera. Histological samples were photographed on a Leica DMR using a Nikon DS- Fi2 digital camera.
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2

Microneedle Visualization by SEM and Microscopy

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The in-house INL master mold and PVAG MNs (before and after force-displacement and perforation studies) were visualized by SEM (Quanta FEG 650, FEI Europe B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands) after gold sputtering (Leica Microsystems, EM ACE200, Wetzlar, Germany). Also, MNs were visualized with a wide-field upright optical microscope (Nikon—Eclipse Ni-E, Tokyo, Japan) coupled with a one-color camera (DS-Fi2, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Comprehensive Characterization of Sponge Morphology

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The morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM, ZEISS Gemini SEM 300, Germany). The contact angle was calculated by the dynamic contact angle tester (OCA20, Germany). The light absorption was measured by a UV–Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (UV-3101, Japan) equipped with an integrating sphere. The pore size distribution and porosity were measured by AutoPore IV 9600 (Micromeritics Co. Ltd. USA). The changes in surface morphology of the sponge before and after absorbing water were recorded by an optical microscope (Nikon DS-Fi2, Japan). The evaporation enthalpy was obtained by the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, Mettler Toledo Crop DSC3, Switzerland).
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4

Neutralization Assay for EV71 Virus

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Sera were two-fold serially diluted from 1:10 to 1:320 and mixed with TCID50 (median tissue culture infective dose) of EV71 for 1 h at 37 °C. Then, solutions were added to Vero cells (2 × 104 cells/well) in 96-well plates and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2. After 72 h, the cytopathic effect (CPE) of EV71 on Vero cells was observed using a digital light microscope DS-Fi2 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). The cell viability was measured by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay using CPE reduction [28 (link)]. Serum dilutions were tested in triplicates and the neutralization titers were calculated as the highest dilution that protected the cells from CPE.
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5

Corneal Wound Healing in Mice

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Adult female C57BL6/J mice (8–10 weeks, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA) were pretreated with PBS, RTKi, AG1478, menadione, or a combination of the mentioned, one drop per day in one eye 48 hours before wounding. The mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) (Butler Schein, Dublin, OH, USA). The central epithelium was demarcated with a 1.5-mm-diameter biopsy punch and removed with an Algerbrush II (Alger Company, Inc., Lago Vista, TX, USA) with a 0.5-mm burr taking care not to disrupt the basement membrane.11 ,27 (link) Following wounding, new eye drops with RTKi (0.0, 1.0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 μM in PBS) were administered. At each time point (0, 16, 24, 40 hours) the corneal wounds were visualized using sterile fluorescein sodium ophthalmic strips USP (Fluorets; Chauvin Laboratory, Aubenas, France) damped with sterile PBS. Wounds were photographed at ×3 magnification with a stereoscopic zoom microscope (SMZ1000, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a digital sight DS-Fi2 camera (Nikon). The wound areas were measured using Image J software. All treatment of animals was in accordance with the ARVO statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research and approved by the University of Louisville Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC#12046).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tissue

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Tissues were then sectioned into 5 µm thick sections and used for histological stains or immunostaining with antibodies listed in Supplementary Table 3. For immunostaining and IHC, tissues were subjected to antigen retrieval in 10 mM Citrate Buffer with 0.5% Tween, pH 6.0 in a microwave for 20 min. Tissues were then incubated overnight at 4° with primary antibodies resuspended in 3% BSA followed by incubation with fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (Alexa-Fluor-488 or Alexa-Fluor-594, Invitrogen) and mounted with Vectashield mounting medium (Vector Labs). For IHC, sections were incubated with biotinylated secondary antibodies followed by incubation with a signal amplification avidin/biotin complex (Vector Labs, PK-6100) and developed with DAB peroxidase substrate (Vector Labs, SK-4100). Sections were counterstained with Hematoxylin (Sigma), dehydrated, and mounted using Permount mounting medium (VWR). Peroxidase-labeled and H&E-stained slides were imaged using an Olympus BX41 light microscope and images were captured using a Nikon DS-Fi2. Fluorescently labeled slides were imaged at the Optical Imaging and Vital Microscopy Core Facility Laboratory at Baylor College of Medicine using an LSM880 confocal microscope.
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PEDV

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Samples of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and stomach were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for H&E staining. The anti-PEDV S protein monoclonal antibody (Median, Chuncheon, South Korea; diluted 1:2,000) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China; diluted 1:200) were used for IHC staining. The results were observed by light microscopy (Eclipse Ci; Nikon, Japan) and photographed by using an imaging system (digital sight DS-FI2; Nikon, Japan).
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8

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Glypholecia

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We examined materials of Glypholecia from the lichen herbaria of the Kunming Institute of Botany (KUN-L), the College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University (XJU), and the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland (WSL). We made morphological observations of the specimens using a Nikon SMZ 745T (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) dissecting microscope. We cut vertical sections of apothecia and thalli using a razor blade, mounted sections in GAW (glycerol: ethanol: water = 1: 1: 1), then examined them under a Nikon Eclipse 50i stereomicroscope. We measured the average spore size and described sections under both the microscope and stereomicroscope. We photographed all specimens with a Nikon digital camera head DS-Fi2. We identified secondary metabolites by their color reaction coupled with thin-layer chromatography (TLC), using solvent system C (toluene: acetic acid = 85:15), following the methods of Culberson (1970) (link) and Orange et al. (2001) .
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9

Petrographic Analysis and EPMA of Rock Samples

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Polished thin sections (30 μm) of rock samples were prepared using standard techniques. Petrographic analysis was undertaken using a Nikon Eclipse LV100NPOL petrographic microscope equipped with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera and DS-U3 camera control software. Mineral and textural analysis was undertaken and phases suitable for EPMA identified. The polished thin sections were carbon coated prior to EPMA. EPMA was carried out using a Cameca SX100 electron probe microanalyzer equipped with 5 wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS). Elemental distribution maps were created for Fe, Mg, Si, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Ca, Ti, Cl, K, Na and S, and points were analyzed at 20 kV, 5 nA with a 10 μm beam using the standards fayalite (Fe), periclase (Mg), anorthite (Si, Al), Cr2O3, tephrolite (Mn), Co-metal, NiO, wollastonite (Ca), rutile (Ti), sodalite (Cl), orthoclase (K), jadeite (Na) and pyrite (S).
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10

Mosquito Antenna Morphology and Acoustics

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External antenna morphology of six males and six females was characterized using optical microscopy (microscope: H550 S 10X Nikon; camera: Ds-Fi2, Nikon). We combined these results on the antenna of Ur. lowii with published studies on four mosquito species that use acoustic cues for mating (Göpfert and Robert, 2000 (link); Simões et al., 2016 (link), 2017 (link); Staunton et al., 2020 (link); Su et al., 2018 (link)), to create a comparative framework of morphological and mechanical features of the antenna across mosquito species.
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