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37 protocols using pad cmv v5 dest

1

Adenovirus-Mediated Overexpression and Knockdown

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Recombinant adenovirus for the over-expression of Shc1 (pAd-Shc1) was generated as follows. The rat Shc1 gene was synthesized de novo by rapid polymerase chain assembly and cloned into the SpeI-SgsI site of pENTR-IRES-EGFP (Invitrogen). The adenoviral plasmid pAd-CMV-Shc1-IRES-EGFP was generated by LR clonase-mediated recombination using pAd-CMV-V5-DEST (Invitrogen) as the acceptor and the pENTR-Shc1-IRES-GFP (Invitrogen) as the donor. Recombinant adenoviruses were propagated in HEK293 cells and purified using the Adenovirus Purification Miniprep Kit (Biomiga V1160) following the manufacturer’s instructions.
The Olr81 targeting recombinant adenoviral pAd-miOlr81 was generated by cloning synthetic oligonucleotides encoding complimentary miRNAs for rat Olr81 mRNA into the pENTR-miR vector (Invitrogen), followed by homologous recombination with pAd-CMV-V5-DEST (Invitrogen). The sequence for the oligonucleotides was: 5’- TGCTGAGGAATGTGCTATTACATGAGGTTTTGGCCACTGACTGACCTCATGTAAGCACATTCCT -3’.
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2

Generation of Adenoviral Vectors for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Studies

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To generate the adenoviral vector (Ad) encoding for the human MR, cDNA was first amplified from the Addgene Plasmid #23059 (ref. 53 (link)). Next, the MR PCR product was inserted into pIRES2-EGFP (Clontech, Mountain View, CA). This allows for co-expression of the GFP with the MR gene. The MRiGFP was then cloned into pAd/CMV/V5-DEST (Thermo Fisher Scientific). To generate the Ad-AT1R, the cDNA encoding for the rat AT1R with a N-terminal HA tag was subcloned into pIRESdsRed (Clontech). The AT1RiRED was then cloned into pAd/CMV/V5-DEST (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The Ad-vector encoding for the bovine WT Grk2 gene (Ad-GRK2), for the WT Grk5 gene (Ad-GRK5) and one encoding for the C-terminal region containing the last 194 amino acids of GRK2 denominated βARKct (Ad-βARKct) were previously obtained54 (link)55 (link). The Ad-vector encoding for the mutated form of GRK5 lacking the nuclear localization signal (GRK5-ΔNLS) was obtained previously55 (link). The Ad-vector encoding the mutated form of GRK2 at Ser670 (GRK2-S670A) was previously obtained29 (link). Ad-GFP was used as a control.
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3

Overexpression of METTL3 by Adenovirus

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pcDNA3.1-METTL3 and empty pcDNA3.1 vector were purchased from GenePharma (Shanghai, China). By referring to the previously described [20 (link)], the recombinant METTL3 overexpressing adenovirus vector were established. In brief, the full length of METTL3 was cut off from pcDNA3.1-METTL3 vector between Hind III and Xhol restriction endonuclease sites, and then connected to the pENTR1A-expressing vector (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to construct pENTR1A-METTL3. After the LR reaction a recombination reaction between attL and attR sites using LR Clonase II enzyme mix, the pENTR1A-METTL3 and pAd/CMV/V5-DEST (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was recombined to form pAd/CMV/V5-DEST-METTL3 (pAd-METTL3). The recombined pAd-METTL3 were transfected into 293T cells to obtain purified virus particles.
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Adenoviral Transduction of PAICS in Lung Cells

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PAICS cDNA (Origene, MD; Cat# RC223925) was cloned into Gateway expression system (Life Technologies CA). To generate adenoviral construct, PCR8-PAICS (flag tagged) was recombined with pAD/CMV/V5-Dest™ (Life Technologies, CA) respectively using LR Clonase II (Life Technologies, CA) [71 (link)]. Adenoviruses were generated by the University of Michigan Vector Core. Benign lung epithelial cells (BEAS2-B) were infected with adenoviruses expressing PA1CS or lacZ for transient over-expression.
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5

Generating adenovirus for LaNt α31 expression

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Full-length LAMA3LN1 was PCR amplified from cDNA generated from cultured human keratinocytes, then cloned into pCR2.1 (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and sequence verified by DNA sequencing (DNA Sequencing and Services, University of Dundee). The native translational stop codon was converted to an AgeI restriction enzyme site by site-directed mutagenesis following the manufacturer's directions for QuikChange II XL mutagenesis kit (Agilent). The mutated LAMA3LN1 was then subcloned using KpnI and AgeI (New England Biolabs, Hitchin, UK) into pENTR4 (Life Technologies) with eGFP inserted into the BglII and KpnI sites of the multiple cloning site (a kind gift from Jonathan Jones, Washington State University, WA, USA). LR recombination was used to transfer the LAMA3LN1-eGFP construct from pENTR to pAD-CMV/V5-DEST (Life Technologies) and adenoviral particles produced following the standard gateway-adapted ViralPower adenoviral expression protocol (Life Technologies).
For cell transduction, 3 × 105 pCEC were seeded in 60-mm dishes (Greiner Bio-One, Stonehouse, UK), then transduced with adenovirus in 4 mL media 24 hours after seeding. Analyses of LaNt α31-GFP (+LaNt α31), GFP (+GFP), or untreated cells were conducted 48 to 72 hours following transduction.
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Transfection and Adenoviral Expression of Rho GTPases

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A7r5 cells were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The siRNA was used to a final concentration of 25 nM, with the sequences specific for rat RhoG, 5-CGUCUUCGUCAUCUGUUUCUU-3; Cdc42 and Rac (ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool); and Trio, 5-GAA­CAUGAUUGACGAGCAU[dT][dT]-3. After 72 h of transfection, cells were serum starved for 2 h and then stimulated with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB during 1 min for pull-down assays or 2.5 min for immunofluorescence assays.
The ViraPower Adenoviral Expression System (Life Technologies) was used for transient expression of human mycRhoG, mycRhoG Q61L, mycRac, mycRac Q61L, mycCdc42, and mycCdc42 Q61L, which were subcloned into pAd/CMV/V5-DEST using Gateway recombination according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Life Technologies). pAdeno-TrioD1-GFP was a gift of Jaap vanBuul (Sanquin, Netherlands). Adenovirus was prepared according to manufacturer’s recommendations (Life Technologies).
For the overexpression experiments or rescue, cells were infected for 48 h with the indicated viruses. The efficiency of the overexpression was further determined for each assay by immunoblotting using specific antibodies as indicated in the respective figures.
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7

Generating Adenoviral Oip5 Expression

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Full-length cDNA of Oip5 from mouse colon were subjected to RT-PCR by using Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI) with primers containing a restriction enzyme (XhoI and KpnI) cutting site at the end. Primer sets were as follows: 5′-AGGGTACCACCATGGCGACTCTCTCGCGCCGCAG-3′ and 5′-CCGCTCGAGTTACAGGATCTTTGGTGATGCTGTTAACC-3′. The amplicons were cloned into pENTRTM1A vector (Life technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using restriction enzyme sites. After confirmation of correct sequences, the gene encoding Oip5 in pENTRTM1A vector was transferred into the adenoviral expression vector (pAd/CMV/V5-DEST; Life technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA) by recombination following the manufacturer’s instructions. The resultant pAd/CMV plasmid containing the target gene was linearized by PacI digestion and were transfected into 293A cells by lipofectamine-2000 (Life technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA). On day 2 after transfection, the 293A cells were passaged and were cultivated until 80% of cells became detached. The cell suspension was then frozen and thawed three times. After centrifugation at 1,750×g for 15 min, the supernatant was used as the gene expression adenoviral preparation (Ad-Oip5). The titers for the adenoviral preparation were around 5×108 plaque forming units (pfu)/mL. The adenovirus expressing β-galactosidase (Ad-βgal) was used as a control.
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8

Recombinant Fluorescent Protein Constructs

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mCherry-Tensin-C14 (a gift from Michael Davidson, Addgene plasmid #55143). mCherry-LifeAct (a gift from Jaap van Buul, Sanquin Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands). GFP-EB3 (a gift from Kristen Verhey, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI). Paxillin-GFP (a gift from Channing Der, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC) was subcloned into pAd/CMV/V5-DEST using Gateway recombination technology (Life Technologies). Virus particles were produced using the Virapower Adenoviral Expression System (Life Technologies). The shRNA resistant mycRhoG construct used for rescue experiments has been previously described14 (link).
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9

Overexpression of KLK4-KLKP1 in Prostate Cells

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KLK4-KLKP1 cDNA was PCR amplified using a forward primer with DDK tag and a reverse primer from KLK4-KLKP1 template and was cloned into the Gateway expression system (Life Technologies). To generate lentiviral and adenoviral constructs, PCR8-KLK4-KLKP1 (DDK tagged) was recombined with pLenti6/V5-Dest (Life Technologies) or pAD/CMV/V5-Dest (Life Technologies), respectively, using LR Clonase II (Life Technologies). For transient overexpression in HEK-293, RWPE-1, and PrEC cells, adenoviruses carrying KLK4-KLKP1, EZH2, or lacZ were added to the culture media after cells reached 50%-70% confluency. At the same time, cells were treated with or without bortezomib (100 nM in ethanol, 10 μl, Cayman Chemical, catalog #10008822). After incubation for 48 hours at 370°C, cells were harvested by scraping. For stable overexpression, RWPE-1 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing KLK4-KLKP1 or lacZ, and stable clones were selected with blasticidin (3.5 μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). Lenti- and adenoviruses were generated by the University of Michigan Vector Core (Ann Arbor, MI).
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10

Lentiviral and Adenoviral Transduction Protocols

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A lentiviral vector was co-transfected with psPAX2 and pMD2G (Cellecta, Mountain View, CA, USA) into HEK293T cells using polyethylenimine (PEI, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) (6 μg PEI/μg plasmid) to generate lentivirus expressing miR-193b or the control. The pENTR-miRNA vector or miR-con was switched into an adenovirus vector using the Gateway technique pAd/CMV/V5-DEST (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) as described by the manufacturer. Adenoviral vectors were then linearized with PacI before they were transfected to HEK293A cells. The virus was harvested and further amplified by re-infecting HEK293A cells. The adenovirus was eventually purified using the Adeno-X Maxi Purification Kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Infectious units (IU) of both lenti- and adeno-miRNA viruses were determined by titration in HEK293T cells.
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