Spss statistic 20

All the assays were repeated in triplicate and presented as mean standard deviation. One way ANOVA and post-hoc Turkey HSD (Honest significant difference) test was employed for the comparison of mean values of results. SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistic 20) was used to determine the significance at p < 0.05 (95% confidence interval). Spearman correlation was found among phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. LC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values were calculated using table curve 2D version 4 software.

Statistical analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistic 20 software. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted followed by simple effects analysis. Where significance was found post-hoc tests with Bonferroni corrections were applied to identify the locus of effects and their interaction(s). In the cases where missing values were present, missing data were estimated by an unbiased iterative interpolation procedure within the analysis. The critical significance level used throughout was α = 0.05.

Data were managed and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistic 20 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were described as frequency and percentages. Continuous variables were evaluated for normal distribution using Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. Normally distributed continuous variables were presented as mean +/− standard deviations (SDs). Non-normally distributed variables were presented as medians (interquartile ranges (IQRs)). Univariate analyses were carried out on questionnaire results about lifestyle, health, anthropometric measures and dietary habits. Analyses of statistical differences among categorical variables were carried out using Chi-square or Fisher Exact test, where appropriate. We performed unpaired Student t test and Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests to assess disparities among quantitative continuous variables. All statistical tests were two sided and p < 0.05 was considered as the statistically significant threshold.

The normal distribution of all variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Only fasting triglyceride levels were not normally distributed and therefore log-₁₀ transformed. Men were stratified into two groups according to the median age: younger men (age <61 years old) and older men (age ≥61 years old). Categorical variables were compared using a Pearson χ²-statistic, whereas mean differences between groups for continuous variables were compared with an analysis of covariance including the following potential confounding factors: age, medication and CAD status, and followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc comparison test. Partial Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the association between ABCA1 DNA methylation levels and plasma lipid concentrations after consideration of the same confounding factors. Results were considered statistically significant when P-values were <0.05 (two sided). All statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistic 20 software (release 20.0.0, SPSS, International Business Machines (IBM) Corp., NY, USA).

The effects of different cattle breeds on marbling, physical, and sensory characteristics of ribeye steak were analysed using analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) to determine the existence of statistical difference (p<0.05), followed by DUNCAN test to determine the statistical difference among the means (IBM SPSS Statistic 20). The spatial relationships of these properties were summarised using ANOVA-partial least squares regression (APLSR) employing the XL-STAT software (Addinsoft Inc., Brooklyn, NY, USA) to analyse the descriptive and raw instrumental data. Results from all the tests were expressed as mean±standard error.