Drp x1110

Electrochemical measurements were performed using a µStat 200 bipotentiostat controlled by DropView software (DropSens, Oviedo, Spain). A DRP-BICAST connector was used to interface the bipotentiostat and the customized dual screen-printed carbon electrodes (dual-SPCE, DRP-X1110, DropSens, incorporating two carbon elliptic-shaped working electrodes (WE, A = 0.063 cm²), a carbon auxiliary electrode and a silver pseudo-reference electrode).
For sample preparation, a block thermostat (Tembloc, Selecta, Barcelona, Spain) and two centrifuges (Heraues Megafuge 16R and Heraeus-Fresco 21, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Osterode am Harz, Germany) were used.
The evaluation of the accuracy of the assay’s results was performed using ELISA kits. For these analyses, a multi-mode microplate reader (Synergy HT W/TRF, BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) was used, and the data were treated with Gen5 Version 2.0 data analysis software (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA).

The electrochemical measurements were performed using a μStat 8000 portable potentiostat equipped with DropView 8400 Software (DropSens, Asturias, Spain). Disposable dual screen-printed carbon electrode (DRP-X1110, Dropsens, Oviedo, Spain), consisting of two ellipses-shaped carbon ink working electrodes (6.3 mm² each), a carbon ink counter electrode and a silver pseudo-reference electrode were used as the transducer.
A ThetaLite100 instrument (Biolin Scientific, Finland) was used to analyze the contact angle of the modified electrode. An Axis Ultra spectrometer (Kratos Analytical, Manchester, UK) was used to employ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis with both survey scan and detailed scan by passing 160 eV and 20 eV energy, respectively. The raw data were then interpreted using CasaXPS software (version 2.3.25 PR1.0) with charge correction performed by referring to the hydrocarbon component of the C1s peak at 285.0 eV.