Characterization of PCF was performed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) (TESCAN, LYRA 3) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for surface morphology and elemental analysis. A Fourier transform infrared with a spectrum was run on a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer to investigate the functional groups. Sample pellets were prepared by mixing 1% PCF with KBr using an Atlas™ automatic press and then transferring it into an FTIR cell for analysis. A Micromeritics TriStar II PLUS was employed to evaluate the textural properties such as pore size, surface area, and pore volume. Sample degassing occurred at 200 °C under the flow of nitrogen for 3 h to eliminate the impurities. Then, the BET analysis was performed by TriStar II PLUS.
Lyra3
Manufactured by TESCAN
Sourced in Czechia, United States
The LYRA3 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed for high-resolution imaging and analysis of a wide range of samples. It features advanced electron optics and a range of detectors to provide detailed information about the surface morphology and composition of the specimen.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Escalab 250xi xps microprobe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Asap 2010 analyzer, by Micromeritics (2 mentions)
Miniflex 2, by Rigaku (2 mentions)
Jem 2011, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Xmass detector, by Oxford Instruments (2 mentions)
K alpha spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Lsm 700, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
X maxn, by Oxford Instruments (2 mentions)
Nicolet 6700 ft ir spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tristar 2 plus, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
Uv 3600, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Mira3, by TESCAN (1 mentions)
X maxn silicon drift detector, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
N methyl 2 pyrrolidone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jem 1230 microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Vulcan xc 72r, by Cabot (1 mentions)
Chi 760e, by Chenhua (1 mentions)
Poloxamer 407, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Smoothflow tapered tips, by Nordson (1 mentions)
50 protocols using lyra3
1
Comprehensive Characterization of PCF
2
Correlating Defect Densities to DSC in Ion-Irradiated Ti
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Samples were annealed to different temperatures in the DSC before preparation for TEM analysis. Four samples were selected: one as-irradiated (T = 300°C), one annealed to 480°C (ROI 1 < T < ROI 2), one annealed to 600°C (ROI 2 < T), and one unirradiated. Each sample then had one TEM lamella prepared using a Tescan Lyra 3 focused ion beam microscope. The sample thickness, and thus defect density, was determined using energy-filtered TEM log ratio method (38 (link)). The mean free path for inelastic scattering of 200~keV electrons in Ti = 106 nm with an uncertainty of 19% (39 ). For measuring the dislocation loop diameter from the TEM micrographs, ImageJ software was used to determine the Feret diameter.
To correlate the TEM-determined defect densities to the DSC measurements, the energy per dislocation loop was calculated from elasticity theory (40 , 41 (link)). The energy per length was determined and then multiplied by the dislocation loop size and density to obtain the stored energy density (in J/g). This was compared to the stored energy from DSC integrated over both ROIs (380° and 590°C), with error bars calculated similarly to above. The full details of the calculation are included in section S4.
To correlate the TEM-determined defect densities to the DSC measurements, the energy per dislocation loop was calculated from elasticity theory (40 , 41 (link)). The energy per length was determined and then multiplied by the dislocation loop size and density to obtain the stored energy density (in J/g). This was compared to the stored energy from DSC integrated over both ROIs (380° and 590°C), with error bars calculated similarly to above. The full details of the calculation are included in section S4.
3
Comprehensive Characterization of Mesoporous Material
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EXAMPLE 2
Characterization of Mesoporous Material
Characterization of the synthesized AdMC was performed using different techniques. The surface morphology was characterized by a Lyra3® (TESCAN, Czech Republic) Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer for the determination of the elemental composition. The functional groups of the synthesized AdMC were identified by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer (Nicolet® 6700 FT-IR, USA). TGA was used to conduct the thermal stability while the X-ray diffraction analysis was performed using Rigaku Miniflex II® desktop X-ray diffractometer (30 kV, 200 mA). The diffractometer produces Cu-Kα radiation, while data were collected at angles between 20 and 80° C. at a scan rate of 4° C./min. For the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, 0.2 g of AdMC in BET glass tube at 200° C. for two hours in vacuum. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were obtained by ASAP® 2010 analyzer (Micromeritics, Norcross, Ga., USA) with the BET equation and density functional theory method.
4
Characterization of Dewetted Ag Nanoparticles on CuO-WO3 Fibers
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The crystal structure was examined by XRD with
a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation
at a scanning speed of 4° min–1 over the 2θ
range of 15–70°. The surface morphology was investigated
using FE-SEM (TESCAN-MIRA3, Korea). XPS measurements were carried
out with a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha spectrometer using an Al Kα
X-ray source with a constant analyzer mode to study the chemical composition
of the constituent elements. Raman measurements were carried out by
HORIBA LabRAM HR-800 with 514 nm laser excitation. TEM observations
were performed using an FEI TECNAI G2 F20 (operating voltage: 200
kV) to determine the structure and cross-sectional microstructure
of the dewetted Ag nanoparticles dispersed on CuO–WO3-coated fibers. The TEM sample was prepared by the H-bar technique
using a TESCAN LYRA3 high-resolution FIB-SEM. The optical absorbance
spectra were recorded using a UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer
(UV-3600, Shimadzu). The PL properties were studied using a HORIBA
LabRAM HR-800, HORIBA France SAS. The photocatalytic activity was
investigated by measuring the degree of decomposition of MB solution
in a double-walled glass beaker (40 mL MB solution, 10 ppm) under
visible light illumination using a 500 W Xe lamp with a 400 nm filter.
a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation
at a scanning speed of 4° min–1 over the 2θ
range of 15–70°. The surface morphology was investigated
using FE-SEM (TESCAN-MIRA3, Korea). XPS measurements were carried
out with a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha spectrometer using an Al Kα
X-ray source with a constant analyzer mode to study the chemical composition
of the constituent elements. Raman measurements were carried out by
HORIBA LabRAM HR-800 with 514 nm laser excitation. TEM observations
were performed using an FEI TECNAI G2 F20 (operating voltage: 200
kV) to determine the structure and cross-sectional microstructure
of the dewetted Ag nanoparticles dispersed on CuO–WO3-coated fibers. The TEM sample was prepared by the H-bar technique
using a TESCAN LYRA3 high-resolution FIB-SEM. The optical absorbance
spectra were recorded using a UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer
(UV-3600, Shimadzu). The PL properties were studied using a HORIBA
LabRAM HR-800, HORIBA France SAS. The photocatalytic activity was
investigated by measuring the degree of decomposition of MB solution
in a double-walled glass beaker (40 mL MB solution, 10 ppm) under
visible light illumination using a 500 W Xe lamp with a 400 nm filter.
5
Fabrication and Characterization of Piezoelectric Sensors
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P(VDF-TrFE)
with a 70:30 molar ratio was purchased from Piezotech (France) and
all other chemicals in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(U.K.). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Tescan LYRA3) was used
to image the bespoke metal catheter (10 kV) and miniaturized sensors
(1 kV).
with a 70:30 molar ratio was purchased from Piezotech (France) and
all other chemicals in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(U.K.). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Tescan LYRA3) was used
to image the bespoke metal catheter (10 kV) and miniaturized sensors
(1 kV).
6
Characterization of Electrocatalyst Morphology
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The morphology and microstructure of the electrocatalysts were characterized with the aid of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Tescan Lyra-3, TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX, X-MaxN silicon drift detector, Oxford Instruments, Oxford, UK). Transmission and high-resolution transmission electron microscopes and selected area electron diffraction (TEM/HR-TEM, FEI Tecnai F20, FEI Europe B. V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands) (SAED) were used to further discern the microstructural attributes in more detail. Phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD, Rigaku MiniFlex, Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan), and the diffractometer was operated at a 0.15416 nm wavelength, 10 mA current, and 30 kV voltage. XRD patterns were recorded from 5 to 80° in a 2θ range with 0.02° steps. The elemental state was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Scientific ESCALAB 250Xi, Waltham, MA, USA). N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were collected at 77.35 K using Quantachrome Instruments (Boynton Beach, FL, USA).
7
Characterization of Amorphous FePO4·2H2O
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Commercial amorphous FePO4·2H2O (>99%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Carbon support (C, Vulcan®XC-72R) was purchased from Cabot. Isopropanol and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were from Fisher Scientific. The material was characterized by SEM imaging and EDX mapping that were obtained on a Tescan LYRA3 with a working voltage of 10 kV for SEM and 20 kV for the mapping mode. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were taken using a JEOL JEM-1230 microscope with an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a Bruker AXS Dimension D8 X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation source.
8
SEM Analysis of Enamel and Dentin
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A sample containing enamel and dentine was analysed using an SEM Tescan Lyra 3 (Tescan, Czech Republic) with a voltage of 5 keV. The sample was polished down to 0.1 µm using diamond suspension and then mounted on an SEM stub for imaging.
9
Characterization of PFOS-MIP-PANI Strips
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After the exposure to 150 ppt PFOS for 30 min, the PFOS-MIP-PANI strips were air-dried at 25 °C for 12 h, followed by further drying under vacuum for additional 4 days. The specimens were then mounted on aluminum stubs using carbon tape and pre-treated with Pt/Pd sputtering. The surface morphology of PFOS-MIP-PANI was analyzed by a filed-emission scanning electron microscope (LYRA3, TESCAN, Czech Republic) at 10 kV.
10
Morphological Analysis of Milled Carbon
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The morphologies of the ground carbon, 15 h ball-milled carbon, and carboxylic acid-functionalized carbon were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) (Tescan Lyra-3, Kohoutovice, Czech Republic) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-2011; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Elemental analysis was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (the Lyra-3 attachment to the FE-SEM through the LINK INCA program, Oxford, UK). Surface area, pore size distribution, and structural information were obtained using BET and Raman spectroscopic analysis. A micro-focusing X-ray monochromator XPS (ESCALAB 250Xi XPS Microprobe, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. All analyses were performed at the Research Institute of KFUPM in Saudi Arabia.
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