3mm filter paper

Manufactured by Cytiva

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

The 3MM filter paper is a versatile laboratory equipment used for filtration purposes. It is made of high-quality cellulose material and designed to effectively separate solid particles from liquids. The 3MM filter paper offers consistent and reliable performance, making it a widely adopted tool in various scientific and analytical applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

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73 protocols using 3mm filter paper

Malaria prevalence in urban and rural Nigeria

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Two hundred and forty three (243) subjects aged 3-75 yrs, 63.0% and 37.0% of the subjects being symptomatic and asymptomatic for malaria, respectively, were enrolled in the study. The cohorts were recruited from a Primary Health Care Centre in Baale Ogunbayo village (n= 58; male/female=5/53), a rural settlement, located in Odeda L.G.A. and State General Hospital (n=185; male/female=76/109), located in urban Abeokuta, Abeokuta South L.G.A. Observation showed that in the rural community, women seek medical attention more frequently than men. Samples were collected between February 2013 and March 2014 during peak malaria transmission seasons (February to March and May to September).
Blood samples were collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals visiting the urban/rural facilities. About 2-5 ml of blood was drawn (venipuncture) with a sterile disposable syringe and transferred to a heparinised centrifuge tube. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) detecting HRP-2 (P. falciparum only) was used to screen for P. falciparum-positive blood samples. Malaria-symptomatic patients were referred to a doctor. Dried blood spots were prepared on 1.5 x 7.0 cm strips of Whatman (Brentford, United Kingdom) 3MM filter paper for PCR analysis. The strips were kept in plastic bags containing small packets of silica gel as desiccants until use.

Soniran O.T., Idowu O.A, & Ogundapo S.S. (2017). Factors associated with high prevalence of PfCRT K76T mutation in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in a rural and urban community of Ogun State, Nigeria. MalariaWorld Journal, 8, 13.

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DNA Isolation from Dried Blood Spots

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Finger-prick blood spotted on Whatman™ 3MM filter paper, were dried in dust free area and subsequently placed in a zip-lock bag with silica gel to prevent DNA degradation. Dried blood spots were utilized for DNA isolation and PCR amplification. DNA extraction was performed with the QIAamp DNA Mini kit (QIAGEN Germany), according to manufacturer’s instructions with slight modification. Genomic DNA eluates were stored at − 20 °C until further PCR analysis.

Funwei R.I., Thomas B.N., Falade C.O, & Ojurongbe O. (2018). Extensive diversity in the allelic frequency of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins and glutamate-rich protein in rural and urban settings of southwestern Nigeria. Malaria Journal, 17, 1.

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Asymptomatic Malaria Prevalence Estimation

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A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infections. Using 95 % confidence level, a design effect of 1.5, a margin of error of 4 %, and anticipated asymptomatic prevalence of 50 %, a total of 993 individuals were screened (using the formula N = (Zα/2)2P (1-P)*DEFF/ME2 where N is the sample size, Zα/2 is the critical α level, P is the anticipated asymptomatic malaria prevalence, DEFF is the design effect and ME is the marginal error). But to include 993 individuals in the sample, it was proposed that 1094 individuals were invited to participate, thus allowing for a 10 % non-response. Finger-prick blood samples were used for microscopy and RDT tests. For PCR analysis, blood samples were spotted onto Whatman 3MM filter paper. The filter papers were dried and stored individually in sealed plastic bags. Examination of the blood films was performed by experienced malaria microscopists. Participants tested malaria positive by RDT were treated according to the national treatment guideline: Artemether-lumefantrine for P. falciparum and chloroquine for P. vivax infected patients.

Golassa L., Baliraine F.N., Enweji N., Erko B., Swedberg G, & Aseffa A. (2015). Microscopic and molecular evidence of the presence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in an area with low, seasonal and unstable malaria transmission in Ethiopia. BMC Infectious Diseases, 15, 310.

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Malaria Transmission Dynamics in Ethiopia

Cited 1 time

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Clinical samples from six study sites representing the northern highland (MA: Mankush and BU: Bure), eastern Rift Valley (SR: Shewa Robit and ME: Metehara), and southern basin area (JM: Jimma and HA: Halaba) of Ethiopia were collected during the peak transmission season (September-November) of 2014 (Fig 1; S1 Table). This area encompasses an elevation gradient from ca. 50m in the basin to over 2,500m in the highlands west of the Great Rift Valley. Finger-prick blood samples were collected from malaria symptomatic (who has fever with axillary body temperature > 37.5°C and with confirmed asexual stages of malaria parasite based on microscopy) or febrile patients visiting the health centers or hospitals at each of the study sites. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared for microscopic examination and three to four spots of blood, equivalent to ~50 μl, from each individual were blotted on Whatman 3MM filter paper. Parasite DNA was extracted from dried blood spots by the Saponin/Chelex method [34 (link)]. Nested and quantitative PCR were performed to identify and confirm parasite species of the infected samples [35 (link)]. A total of 226 and 205P. falciparum and P. vivax samples (ranged from 18–58 samples per site) were included in microsatellite analyses.

Lo E., Hemming-Schroeder E., Yewhalaw D., Nguyen J., Kebede E., Zemene E., Getachew S., Tushune K., Zhong D., Zhou G., Petros B, & Yan G. (2017). Transmission dynamics of co-endemic Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in Ethiopia and prevalence of antimalarial resistant genotypes. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(7), e0005806.

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Molecular Data from Malaria Studies in Yaounde

Cited 3 times

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Published molecular data were obtained from a pharmacovigilance study on AQ, SP, and SP-AQ conducted in Yaounde from 2004-2006 [18] (link). The archived samples of whole blood spotted on Whatman 3 MM filter paper or contained in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes were selected on the basis of P. falciparum positivity from the 2014 IPP study [17] (link) and the 2019-2020 pharmacovigilance study [19] (link), respectively. Malaria infection was ascertained by rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy, and only positive samples with P. falciparum monoinfection were used.

Niba P.T., Nji A.M., Chedjou J.P., Hansson H., Hocke E.F., Ali I.M., Achonduh-Atijegbe O., Evehe M.S., Jørgensen M.H., Fomboh C.T., Cui L., Stresman G., Bigoga J.D., Alifrangis M, & Mbacham W.F. (2023). Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug resistance markers post-adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies in Yaounde, Cameroon. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 132, 108-117.

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Tympanic Temperature and Malaria Diagnosis

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Tympanic temperature was measured for all participants. Febrile participants (≥37.5 °C) were tested using RDT (SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf/Pan) and referred for treatment. Capillary blood samples were spotted directly onto Whatman 3MM filter paper for all participants over 6 months old regardless of tympanic temperature. Blood spots were air-dried, sealed with silica gel and sent to the London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine for storage at −20 °C before analysis.

Ghinai I., Cook J., Hla T.T., Htet H.M., Hall T., Lubis I.N., Ghinai R., Hesketh T., Naung Y., Lwin M.M., Latt T.S., Heymann D.L., Sutherland C.J., Drakeley C, & Field N. (2017). Malaria epidemiology in central Myanmar: identification of a multi-species asymptomatic reservoir of infection. Malaria Journal, 16, 16.

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Screening Yeast Genomic Library for Suppressors of zip1 pch2-lacZ

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The zip1 pch2-lacZ mutant (DP221) was transformed with a yeast genomic library constructed in the multicopy vector YEp24 (46 (link)). Transformants were selected on SC-Ura and replica-plated to SPO plates containing a sterile Whatman 3MM filter paper on top. As positive controls, two colonies of DP221 transformed with pSS54 were placed at known positions on every plate. After incubation at 30°C for 3 days, the filters were removed, exposed to chloroform fumes for 10 min and assayed for β-galactosidase activity by incubating them at 30°C, colony side up, in empty dishes with a solution of 500 μl of Z-buffer (60 mM Na₂HPO₄, 40 mM NaH₂PO₄, 10 mM KCl, 1 mM MgSO₄, 40 mM β-mercatoethanol, pH 7.0) containing 100 μl of 20 mg/ml X-Gal. About 23 000 transformants were scored and 21 displayed blue color; plasmids were recovered for further analysis. The presence of PCH2 in the plasmids was discarded by PCR using internal PCH2 primers. Fifteen of the plasmids recovered fail to reproduce the phenotype when reintroduced into DP221, indicating that the suppression phenotype was not linked to the plasmids. The remaining six plasmids were analyzed by restriction mapping and sequencing of the insert ends and were grouped into two Pch-Two-Suppressors: PTS10 containing RPS9A and a truncated form of MOT1, and PTS11 containing HOP1, PCI8, MAM33, RPS24B and SEC6.

Herruzo E., Ontoso D., González-Arranz S., Cavero S., Lechuga A, & San-Segundo P.A. (2016). The Pch2 AAA+ ATPase promotes phosphorylation of the Hop1 meiotic checkpoint adaptor in response to synaptonemal complex defects. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(16), 7722-7741.

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Purification and Radiolabeling of Human BAX

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Sf9 cells were infected with recombinant baculovirus containing the gene for C terminally (6 × )His-tagged human BAX (pVL1393/BAX). Forty-eight hours after infection, Sf9 cells were incubated with 12 MBq/ml ³H-palmitic acid for 12 h. Cells were lysed at 4 °C in 2% n-octyl-β-D-glucoside, 300 mM NaCl, 40 mM imidazole, 100 mM Tris (pH 7.4) and EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). After clarifying by centrifugation, the supernatant was bound to Ni²⁺-nitrilotriacetic resin (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Specifically bound material was eluted with 300 mM NaCl, 500 mM imidazole, 100 mM Tris (pH 7.4) and submitted to non-reducing SDS-PAGE. After fixation of the polyacrylamide gel in 40% methanol and 10% acetic acid, the gel was incubated for 1.5 h in enhancer solution (Perkin-Elmer, Rodgau, Germany), for 1 h in 5% PEG 6000, dried under vacuum on 3MM filter paper (Whatman, Dassel, Germany) and analyzed by autoradiography.

Fröhlich M., Dejanovic B., Kashkar H., Schwarz G, & Nussberger S. (2014). S-palmitoylation represents a novel mechanism regulating the mitochondrial targeting of BAX and initiation of apoptosis. Cell Death & Disease, 5(2), e1057-.

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Vivax Malaria Diagnosis and Patient Sampling

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The blood samples from confirmed vivax malaria patients were collected by finger prick method aseptically from malaria clinic of National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi (Fig. 1). The diagnosis of malaria species was confirmed by microscopic method. Two to three drops of blood were also collected on 3 mm filter paper (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK) for DNA isolation. Altogether, 88 samples of P. vivax were collected. Patients were treated as per National Drug Policy of India [22 ]. Of 88 P. vivax cases, two reported back to malaria clinic after a lapse of nine and 11 months, while two patients from same family (father and son) reported on the same date. The ethics committee of National Institute of Malaria Research approved this study and written informed consent was obtained from the patients/guardians.Fig. 1

Area wise distribution of P. vivax samples

Das R., Dhiman R.C., Savargaonkar D., Anvikar A.R, & Valecha N. (2016). Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax by minisatellite marker and its application in differentiating relapse and new infection. Malaria Journal, 15, 115.

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Lavandula Angustifolia Aqueous Extract Protocol

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The aerial parts of Lavandula Angustifolia including flowers were collected in August 2015. A voucher was deposited at the Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute (MPDRI), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, with the herbarium number 1092. The taxonomic identity of the plant was further confirmed by the institute’s botanist. Aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia was achieved according to Soheili M et al³³. Briefly, flowers were air dried and weighed and placed into glass bottles. 250 gr of the dried flowers were mixed with 1 L of boiling water and stirred for 4 hr. The supernatant was collected by filtering through Whatman 3 mm filter paper. The filtrate was concentrated by vaporization.

Oskouie A.A., Yekta R.F., Tavirani M.R., Kashani M.S, & Goshadrou F. (2018). Lavandula angustifolia Effects on Rat Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Through the Investigation of Serum Metabolic Features Using NMR Metabolomics. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, 10(2), 83-92.

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