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107 protocols using spss software v24

1

Survival Analysis of Treatment Groups

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The overall survival (OS) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method using SPSS software, v.24 (IBM Corp.). The Kaplan-Meier estimator on the SPSS software was used to calculate OS and apply the log-rank test. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistically significant differences. The OS of the L and P groups was validated using the log-rank test. The median values between the two groups were compared using Man-Whitney U test with statistical significance set at P<0.05. The statistical analyses were performed using EZR (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan), a graphical user interface for R (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing).
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2

Exploring Rabies Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices

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Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS software (V.24). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to determine:
Chi square analysis was conducted to investigate relationships between demographic characteristics–education, gender, age group—of the respondents and KAP regarding rabies. Results that were statistically significant at alpha 0.05 are reported.
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3

Exploring Genetic Factors in Leishmaniasis

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For statistical analysis, the SPSS software v. 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used. The Fischer Exact Test was used to determine the association between alleles and leishmaniasis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of factors on the association between alleles and the disease.
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4

Emotional Face Perception: Behavioral and ERP Analysis

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Accuracy and reaction time (all trials) were analyzed using separate repeated-measures ANOVAs and follow-up t-tests in SPSS software v.24 (IBM Corp.). Condition (fearful, neutral, happy, shapes) was entered as a within subject factor. To examine changes in LPP between early and late, we performed an ANOVA with condition and time as within subject factors and follow-up t-tests. Pearson Bivariate Correlation was used to examine associations between behavioral measures and ERP and behavioral data. We also calculated and report δRM, an index of effect size, for within-group/repeated measures effects (Equation 8 from Morris & DeShon, 2002 (link)), as well as 95% confidence intervals. Nonparametric tests were used for trustworthiness ratings (Friedman’s test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test), and r values were calculated as a measure of effect size. Outlier detection was performed for all variables using |Z| > 3. Pairwise comparisons were considered significant at a Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level of ≤ .008 (.05/6) for accuracy and reaction time; ≤ .02 (.05/3) for trustworthiness ratings, and ≤ .003 (.05/16) for all LPP analyses.
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5

Canadian Ophthalmologists' SLT Practices

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An anonymous survey with 26 item electronic was distributed to members of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS) including the Canadian Glaucoma Society. The questionnaire was validated for content, clarity, and comprehensiveness by three glaucoma specialists. Treatment indications, algorithm and techniques, and questions specific to SLT were investigated. Respondents who did not use LTP in their practice were excluded. The initial invitation, with one follow-up reminder e-mail 3 weeks later, was sent in the Spring of 2018. The survey data included multiple-choice and free-text questions. Data were entered in a spreadsheet. Descriptive statistics was performed. The frequencies and relative frequencies are reported for each question. Chi-square test with continuity correction or Fisher's exact test were used for group comparison. A p value of 0.05 was considered for statistical significance, and SPSS software v.24 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used for data analysis. For comparisons, variable for length of practice was dichotomized to less than 15 years and greater than or equal to 15 years of practice.
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6

Feasibility and Effectiveness of 3GT Intervention for HCWs

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Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the internal reliability of the scales (values above 0.70 are considered acceptable, 0.80 good and 0.90 very good).41 (link) Feasibility of 3GT for HCWs was assessed through attrition (uptake) and participant evaluations. Independent samples t-tests examined whether baseline levels of the well-being metrics predicted dropping out of the study at the 1, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Paired samples t-tests were used to test for improvement in the well-being variables across the baseline and 1, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. These analyses used listwise deletion for missing data. Participants who were lost to follow-up were still included in any analysis for which they had provided data. For all analyses, p values less than 0.05 were considered significant and all tests were two tailed. A power analysis indicated that our sample size provided high power (1-β)>0.9 to detect relatively small effect sizes (Cohen’s d=0.3). Cohen’s d effect sizes for correlated samples were computed using the formula d=Mdiff/SDpooled. Generally, effect sizes around 0.2 are considered small, 0.5 are considered medium, 0.8 large, 1.2 very large and 2.0 huge.42 Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software V.24.
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7

Data Cleansing Strategies in SPSS

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The information was entered into a database created in the SPSS software v.24 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), where the rows represented each case and the columns represented the items in the questionnaires. For the cleansing of the database, the following was performed:

The lost values were replaced by the mean in cases where the percentage was less than 10% and, if it was higher, that case was eliminated.

Extreme values were identified through the standardization of each item. Absolute values higher than four are considered extreme values and were replaced by the mean of the item.

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8

Ramadan Fasting Impact on Cardiovascular Risk

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All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software v.24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For the descriptive analysis, the mean and standard deviation were calculated for each quantitative variable, while the qualitative variables were described by proportions. All variables were assessed in each of the four study sessions, which were compared by a one-way ANOVA. Student’s t-test (with Levene’s test for the equality of variances) was applied for the variables that presented a normal distribution, and, otherwise, the Wilcoxon test was used. The normality of the distributions was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
The effect of fasting during Ramadan (Sessions 2 and 3) was observed using the Wilcoxon test for paired samples. As some values were highly dispersed, an analysis of the medians of the variables was also conducted, before and during Ramadan. Finally, to determine the possible influence of fasting on cardiovascular risk, an analysis of odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, was carried out, using a logistic regression model adjusted for the present age and for earliest age on starting observance of Ramadan. In every case, the level of significance assumed was p < 0.05.
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9

Biomarker Analysis in Sepsis Patients

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Data management and statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software v7.03 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and SPSS software, v24 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Data were tested for Gaussian distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, confirming non-parametric distribution of MFI YB-1C-term, YB-1acetyl, and serum levels of galectin, tenascin-C, uPAR, IL-10, IL-1β, NTproANP, M-CSF, ICAM, IL-6, IP10, CCL2, IFNγ, IL-1α, progranulin, midkine, and CCL5. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Sperman’s rho coefficients were calculated to correlate YB-1 expression with cytokines and mortality. Unadjusted significant p-values are highlighted (<0.05*, < 0.005**, < 0.0005***). The probability of survival from the entry in the study (defined as October 2012) to the terminal event of 72 month was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
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10

Impact of Duodenal Stent on Nutritional Status

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Categorical variables were compared by using χ2 or Fisher exact tests. Non-normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U-test or McNemar test. Normal and non-normal variables were presented as mean (SD) and median (range). The impact on nutritional status and GOOSS score according to the presence of a previous duodenal stent was analyzed by a per-protocol analysis strategy considering only patients with previous EUS-GE technical success. A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS software v.24 was used (IBM, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
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