Pq dichloride

PQ dichloride (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was dissolved in distilled water. For PQ treatment, the mice were IP administered PQ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. The PQ dosage was selected according to former studies [16 (link), 17 (link)] and our preliminary experiments. An identical volume of normal saline was applied IP as control. For KL administration, the recombinant mouse KL protein (R&D Systems, USA; 10 μg/kg) dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 mM) was injected IP 6 h prior to PQ treatment followed by every other day injection for 7 days. The dosage of KL was selected based on previous studies [18 (link)]. The mice were randomly assigned to four groups of 12 and studied concomitantly. The grouping design is as follows: control group (mice receiving IP injection of PBS), KL group (mice receiving IP injection of KL), PQ group (mice receiving PQ treatment), and KL+PQ group (mice receiving IP injection of KL 6 h before PQ treatment). The mice were sacrificed concurrently 7 days after PQ administration.

PQ dichloride was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in distilled deionized water to produce a 1 M stock solution. The 1 M stock solution of PQ was diluted to the desired concentration with cell culture medium prior to use. 8-FOB (purity ≥ 98.0%) was a gift from the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China). 8-FOB dry powder was freshly dissolved in DMSO before use. The human hepatic cell line L02 was purchased from the Cell Resource Center at the Shanghai Institutes for the Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and assay kits we have utilized here have been obtained as described below in detail.

PQ dichloride (≥ 98%) was bought from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The rest of the chemicals were of the highest analytical grade.