Somatom definition as128

Patients generally underwent contrast-enhanced CT of the entire abdomen, which is from the dome of the diaphragm to the pubic symphysis according to the standard clinical scanning protocols (tube voltage of 120 kV, tube current of 180–200 mAs, slice thickness of 3 mm, slice interval of 3 mm, field view of 35–40 cm, matrix of 256 × 256, and pitch of 0.6–1.0) on CT machines (Somatom Definition AS 128; Somatom Sensation 64; Light speed 128, GE Healthcare). All CT scans were reconstructed into slices of 3-mm thickness and interval. After fasting from food for at least 6 h, each patient ingested about 600–1000 ml of water for more than 15 min to achieve gastric distension before scanning. All patients were trained to hold their breath in the supine position during CT scanning. After the plain CT, a 1.5 ml/kg iodinated contrast agent (ioversol 320 mgI/mL, Jiangsu hengrui) was injected with a pump injector (OptiVantage DH, Tyco) at a flow rate of 3 ml/s into the dorsal hand vein. The CT images were obtained during the arterial phase (25–30 s after the initiation of the injection), the portal venous phase (60–70 s), and the delay phase (180 s). The acquired images were analyzed on a PACS station (GE Healthcare).

We obtained demographic information, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, management, and outcome data from each patient’s electronic medical records. Clinical outcomes were followed up to February 17, 2020.
Chest CT without intravenous contrast was performed on all patients using a Siemens SOMATOM Definition AS128 or GE Optima CT 660 with a 1-mm or 0.625-mm slice thickness, respectively. Children under 5 years old, as well as uncooperative children, received oral chloral hydrate sedation (0.5 ml/kg) prior to CT. Cooperative children above 5 years old were trained with breathing exercises prior to CT.
All CT images were reviewed by at least two radiologists with more than 10 years of experience. Imaging was reviewed independently. When the opinions on the CT features were inconsistent, the two radiologists discussed and decided together. Only final decisions reached by consensus are reported. No negative control cases were examined.
PCR confirmation of COVID-19 was performed at two different institutions: Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Wuhan Children’s Hospital.