Quantaurus qy absolute pl quantum yield spectrometer

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were obtained in CDCl₃ with a Bruker Biospin Avance-III 500 NMR (Germany) spectrometer at ambient temperature. Absorption, PL, and phosphorescence spectra were measured using a UV–Vis spectrometer (Lambda 950; Perkin-Elmer, United states), a spectrofluorometer (FluoroMax-3, Horiba, Japan), and another spectrofluorometer (FP-8600, JASCO, Japan), respectively. Absolute PL quantum yields were measured using a Quantaurus-QY absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer (C11347-11; Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) under 360-nm excitation and an Ar flow. The thicknesses of the materials were measured by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (M-2000U; J. A. Woollam Co., Inc., United states). Transient PL decay curves were measured using a Quantaurus-Tau fluorescence lifetime measurement system (C11367-03; Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan).
EL spectra, J−V characteristics, and η_EQE–J characteristics were measured using an absolute EQE measurement system (C9920-12, Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan). Transient EL characteristics were measured using a photomultiplier tube (R928; Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) connected to an amplifier unit (C6438; Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) under pulsed driving using a pulse generator (8114A; Agilent, United states). Signals were monitored using an oscilloscope (TBS2104, Tektoronix, United states).

SEM was measured with Verios G4 UC (FEI) and UPS spectra were collected using a photoelectron spectrometer (Thermo FisherScientific Theta Probe) with a He I (21.22 eV) ultraviolet source in Hanyang LNC 3.0 Analytical Equipment Center (Seoul). PLQY measurement was conducted with a Quantaurus‐QY Absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer (HAMAMATSU) equipped with an integrating hemisphere, and samples were excited at the wavelength of 365 nm. Steady‐state PL measurements were carried out using a pulsed xenon lamp. And time‐resolved PL decay measurements were carried out using a He–Cd laser operating at a wavelength of 375 nm. For PeLEDs, J–V–L characteristics and device performances were measured using a Konica Minolta spectroradiometer (CS‐2000) with a Keithley 2450 sourcemeter. XRD patterns were measured using an X'Pert‐MPD diffractometer (Philips, Netherlands) employing CuKα radiation. UV–vis absorption spectra were measured by a V‐770 spectrophotometer (JASCO). TEM samples were prepared by diluted QD solution in hexane dropped on a carbon grid. TEM was measured with the JEM‐2100F model (JEOL). The Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) was recorded on PerkinElmer Spectrum Two FT‐IR Spectrometer.

All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR were measured on a VNMRJ 600 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). The mass analysis was conducted with Thermo Q-Exactive Orbitrap device (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The melting point was determined by using the Electrothermal Melting Point Apparatus 9200. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were obtained using a Shimadzu 1900i spectrophotometer and Varian Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer (Varian Inc.), respectively. Quantum yield measurements were conducted with Hamamatsu Quantaurus-QY Absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer. The pH values were adjusted by using the HI-8014 (HANNA) pH meter.

All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR were measured on a VNMRJ 600 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). The mass analysis was conducted with Thermo Q-Exactive Orbitrap device (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The melting point was determined by using the Electrothermal Melting Point Apparatus 9200. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were obtained using a Shimadzu 1900i spectrophotometer and Varian Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer (Varian Inc.), respectively. Quantum yield measurements were conducted with Hamamatsu Quantaurus-QY Absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer. The pH values were adjusted by using the HI-8014 (HANNA) pH meter.

Absolute PLQY was measured by Hamamatsu Quantaurus-QY Absolute PL Quantum Yield Spectrometer in hexane excited at 500 nm. For continuous wave excitation, 532 nm was selected from a Xenon lamp combines with a monochromator. For the stability testing of the QDs film, the power of the light is fixed at 0.2 mW. The temperature dependent PL measurements of the samples were performed between 10 and 300 K within a helium closed-cycle cryostat, and the signal was dispersed by a 750 mm monochromator combined with suitable filters, and detected by a photomultiplier using the standard lock-in amplifier technique. For high density excitation, the laser source was replaced by a frequency-doubled, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser which produced green pulse at the wavelength of 532 nm. The signal was detected by a UV-enhanced charged coupled device (CCD). The pulse width and repetition rate of the laser are about 1 ns and 60 Hz, respectively.