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6 protocols using dexrazoxane

1

Etoposide and Bioflavonoid Compound Preparation

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Etoposide and bioflavonoids were obtained from LKT Laboratories (St Paul, MN). Dipyrone and dexrazoxane were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Compounds were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma) and stored as 20 mM stock solutions. Stock solutions were diluted in 1X phosphate buffered saline pH 7 (PBS; Fisher, Hampton, NH) prior to each experiment.
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2

Cytotoxic Effects of Pinecembrin and Dexrazoxane

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Stock solutions of Pinocembrin (MW: 256.25 g/mol) (Pin, 10 mM, BioPharm™, New Zealand) and Dexrazoxane (MW: 268.269 g/mol) (Dex, 1 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) were prepared in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). DMSO concentration was kept below 0.0001%. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (MW: 579.98 g/mol) (Dox, 1 mM) was prepared in tissue culture (TC) grade water. Thereafter, final concentrations of 1 µM (Pin), 20 µM (Dex) and 2 µM (Dox) were prepared in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium without phenol red (DMEM, Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and then filter sterilized using 0.22 µM syringe filter systems prior to commencing treatment. Doses for Dox and Dex were derived from the clinically recommended therapeutic ratio of 1:10 (Rharass et al., 2016 (link)), while the concentration used for Pin was extrapolated from our preliminary dose response findings.
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3

Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Evaluation

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Dox (2 mg/mL) and dexrazoxane were obtained from ACCORD (central pharmacy of Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France) and Sigma (St Quentin Fallavier, France), respectively. The in vitro Dox exposure of isolated cardiomyocytes was of 1–10 µM in concordance with literature recommendation (Tokarska-Schlattner et al., 2006 (link)) and extended to match tumor cell lines exposure requirements.
8-(4-Chloro-phenylthio)-2’-O-methyladenosine-3’5’cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT), ESI-09, and ESI-05 were from Biolog Life Science Institute (Bremen, Germany). ZVAD-fmk was from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland). EPAC1 specific inhibitor (R)-CE3F4 was provided by Dr Ambroise (CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) (Courilleau et al., 2013 (link)).
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4

Epirubicin and Dexrazoxane Genotoxicity Evaluation

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Epirubicin and dexrazoxane, which were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 10%) in normal saline and were injected intraperitoneally within 1 h following preparation. The experimental design of the Epirubicin and dexrazoxane treatment, sampling times, and the assessed parameters are schematically shown in Fig 1. Epirubicin was injected at doses of 3–12 mg/kg, which were selected based on previous clastogenic and aneugenic studies in mice [6 (link), 7 (link)]. dexrazoxane at 75 and 150 mg/kg has previously shown promising protection against genomic damage induced by podophyllotoxins in mice [21 (link)–23 (link)] and Epirubicin-induced genetic damage in mice bone marrow cells [24 (link)]. Furthermore, the selected doses are within the chemotherapeutic dose range for humans. The control mice were injected with the same amounts of DMSO in normal saline.
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5

Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Evaluation

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Dox (2 mg/mL) and dexrazoxane were obtained from ACCORD (central pharmacy of Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France) and Sigma (St Quentin Fallavier, France), respectively. The in vitro Dox exposure of isolated cardiomyocytes was of 1–10 µM in concordance with literature recommendation (Tokarska-Schlattner et al., 2006 (link)) and extended to match tumor cell lines exposure requirements.
8-(4-Chloro-phenylthio)-2’-O-methyladenosine-3’5’cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT), ESI-09, and ESI-05 were from Biolog Life Science Institute (Bremen, Germany). ZVAD-fmk was from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland). EPAC1 specific inhibitor (R)-CE3F4 was provided by Dr Ambroise (CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) (Courilleau et al., 2013 (link)).
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6

Screening Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Potential Inhibitors

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The bacterial strains, plasmids and primers used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table S1, Table S2 and Table S3, respectively. All bacterial strains were grown on Luria-Bertani (LB) plates or in LB broth. All NDM-1-positive strains were originated from our previous studies [17] . E. cloacae 20710 and E. cloacae 20712 were provided by Dr. Yonghong Xiao at Zhejiang University [18] . A. baumannii 21 was provided by Dr. Zhimin Guo at the First Hospital of Jilin University.
The full gene sequences of blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 were synthesized by GeneScript (Nanjing, China) and were inserted into pET28a or pETSUMO for protein expression.
The FDA-approved drug library was purchased from ApexBio Technology (Cat#L1021, Houston, TX, USA). Dexrazoxane, embelin, CAN and NDGA were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Meropenem, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and gentamicin were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China).
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