Blocks of 4YSZ (IPS e.max ZirCAD MTA2, Ivoclar AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were obtained (10 × 10 × 16 mm) from a disk (blank) using a diamond disk coupled to a handpiece and an electric motor (Perfecta LA 623 T, 1000 to 40,000 rpm — W&H, Bürmoos, Austria). The blocks were attached to cylindrical metal guides and were grounded in a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler, Lake Bluff, USA) until reached a cylindrical form (Ø = 8 mm). Then, disks were obtained through slicing in a precision cutting machine (IsoMet 1000, Buehler) under water-cooling according to experimental tests, and were subsequently polished with silicon carbide (SiC) sandpapers #400-, #600-, and #1200-grit (3 M, Sumaré, Brazil). The specimens were sintered (Zyrcomat 6000 MS, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (heating rate 10 °C/min until 900 °C; holding phase at 900 °C for 30 min; heating rate 3 °C/min until 1500 °C; holding phase at 1500 °C for 120 min; cooling rate 8 °C/min), assuming then their final dimensions (Ø = 6 mm, 1.5 mm of thickness).
Ecomet automet 250
Manufactured by Buehler
Sourced in United States
The EcoMet/AutoMet 250 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Buehler. It is a combined specimen preparation and mounting machine used for the preparation of metallographic samples. The device performs automated polishing and grinding of samples to create smooth, flat surfaces for analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using ecomet automet 250
1
Fabrication of Zirconia Ceramic Discs
2
Fabrication of YSZ Ceramic Discs
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A disc of 4 YSZ (IPS e. max ZirCAD MT, Ivoclar AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was cut in blocks (10 × 10 × 16 mm considering the sintering shrinkage) with a diamond disc coupled to a hand-piece and an electric motor (Perfecta LA 623 T, 1000 to 40,000 rpm – W&H, Bürmoos, Austria). The blocks were attached to a metal washer to be grounded in a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler, Lake Bluff, USA) until the achievement of a cylindric shape (Ø = 8 mm). Then, discs were obtained by slicing the cylinders using a precision cutting machine (IsoMet 1000, Buehler) under constant water cooling. After, the discs were polished with silicon carbide (SiC) sandpapers #600- and #1200-grit (3 M, Sumaré, Brazil). The specimens were cleaned and sintered (Zyrcomat 6000 MS, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's recommendations (heating rate 10 °C/min until 900 °C; holding phase at 900 °C for 30 min; heating rate 3 °C/min until 1500 °C; holding phase at 1500 °C for 120 min; cooling rate 8 °C/min). The final dimensions of the discs were: Ø = 6 mm, 1.5 mm of thickness).
3
Bitumen Reflectance Analysis Protocol
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To perform organic petrography and reflectance (%RO) measurements, all samples were processed as polished whole-rock blocks (pellets). Samples were crushed to an average particle size of 840 μm and then pelletized using an epoxy resin (Epo-ThinTM) and hardener and allowed to firm for 8 h. Next, the pelletss were polished with 600 and 400 grit polishing cloth sets, accompanied by an automated Buehler EcoMet/AutoMet 250 system using 0.3 and 0.05 μm alumina powder to achieve the desired roughness and a relief-free surface. We investigated the random reflectance of bitumen particles due to the shortage or absence of vitrinite in the examined samples and to be consistent throughout the entire process. Each sample was subjected to fifty (50) BRO (bitumen reflectance) measurements. The Ro measurements were taken using a Zeiss Axio Imager A2m microscope, glass standards that has %Ro values of 1.0, 1.36, and 1.78, and software licensed by CRAIC Technologies. All Ro measurements are random (%Ro, r).
4
Biaxial Flexural Strength of Y-TZP Ceramics
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Disc-shaped specimens of Y-TZP (VITA In-Ceram YZ for inLab 40/19, VITA, Bad-Säckingen, Germany) were manufactured, according to ISO 6872-2015 15 for biaxial flexural strength, using the methodology previously described by Guilardi and collaborators. 16 (link) In summary, two metal cylinder guides with 18 mm diameter were attached parallel to both sides of a Y-TZP block and then the lateral surfaces were ground using a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler, Lake Bluff, USA) with 600 grit silicon carbide sand paper until a cylinder was shaped. Afterward, the cylinders were cut under water irrigation with a diamond saw (ISOMET 1000, Buehler) in slices of 1.65 mm thickness and polished with a 1200-grit silicon carbide sand paper (on both sides).
Fi nally, t he specimen s were si ntered as recommended by the manufacturer (1,530°C; holding time of 25 min; slow cooling until 400°C), and then inspected with a digital caliper (Mitutoyo ABSOLUTE 500-196-20 Digital Caliper; Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan) to guarantee that they were within the range recommended by ISO 6872-2015 15
Fi nally, t he specimen s were si ntered as recommended by the manufacturer (1,530°C; holding time of 25 min; slow cooling until 400°C), and then inspected with a digital caliper (Mitutoyo ABSOLUTE 500-196-20 Digital Caliper; Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan) to guarantee that they were within the range recommended by ISO 6872-2015 15
5
Biaxial Fatigue and Monotonic Testing of Ceramic Discs
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Disc-shaped specimens (n = 25; 5 for biaxial monotonic load-to-failure test and 20 for biaxial fatigue strength test) of five different ceramic materials (Table 1) were produced according to ISO 6872. 15 The ceramic blocks were water-ground into cylinders in a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler; Lake Bluff, EUA) with a #400 grit silicon carbide paper (3M, St Paul, USA), and cut (Isomet 1000, Buehler) with a diamond saw under water cooling to produce disc-shaped specimens. The discs were polished down using a series of silicon carbide papers (3M) of decreasing grit size (#60, #120, #400, #600, and #1200 -30 seconds per grit paper). After, the samples were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath (Vitasonic, Vita, Bad Sackingen, Germany) with isopropyl alcohol for 5 min.
The ZLS and LD discs were crystallized (Vita Vacumat 6000MP; Vita), and the YZ-HT discs were sintered (Vita Zyrcomat; Vita), as recommended by the manufacturer. The final dimensions of the specimens were 12 mm in diameter and 1.2 ± 0.02 mm in thickness.
The ZLS and LD discs were crystallized (Vita Vacumat 6000MP; Vita), and the YZ-HT discs were sintered (Vita Zyrcomat; Vita), as recommended by the manufacturer. The final dimensions of the specimens were 12 mm in diameter and 1.2 ± 0.02 mm in thickness.
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