Ew 220 3nm

Growth parameters, such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, the length and width of the third leaf from the top, fresh and dry shoot and root weights, days after treatment to visible flower bud initiation or days for visible buds (DVB), percentage of plants flowered, and number of flowers per plant were measured at 98 and 71 days, respectively, after initiating the photoperiodic treatments in kalanchoe ‘Lipstick’ and ‘Spain’. The number of leaves was established as the number of leaves, excluding cotyledons, that were longer than 1 cm. An electronic scale (EW 220-3NM, Kern and Sohn GmbH., Balingen, Germany) was used to measure the fresh and dry weights. Divided samples of shoots and roots were dried for 72 h at 70 °C in a drying oven (Venticell-222, MMM Medcenter Einrichtungen GmbH., Munich, Germany) before the dry weight of shoots and roots was measured. A leaf area meter (LI-3000, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) was used to measure the leaf area.

Plant growth parameters, such as the plant height, hypocotyl length, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf shape index, specific leaf weight (SLW), SPAD value, fresh and dry weights of stems and leaves, dry matter, and compactness were measured on 22 DAT. The stem diameter was measured 1 cm above the medium surface using digital Vernier calipers (CD-20CPX, Mitutoya Corp., Kawasaki, Japan). The leaf area was measured using a leaf area meter (LI-3000, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). The SPAD value was measured on the second leaf from the top using a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Konica Minolta Inc., Osaka, Japan), immediately prior to harvesting the samples. The fresh weight was measured with an electronic scale (EW 220-3NM, Kern & Sohn GmbH., Balingen, Germany). The dry weight was measured after drying the divided samples of the stems and leaves for 72 h in a drying oven (Venticell-222, MMM Medcenter Einrichtungen GmbH., Munich, Germany) at 70 °C.
The leaf shape index, SLW, dry matter, and compactness were calculated using the following equations:

The data were collected after 6 weeks of culture, and the growth parameters such as the number of roots and leaves, the shoot, root, and stem length, leaf area, leaf color, the leaf fresh and dry weights, the relative water content and water content of leaves were measured. The fresh weight was measured with an electronic scale (EW 220-3NM, Kern and Sohn GmbH., Balingen, Germany). The saturated weight was measured after soaking the tissues in water by measuring the weight at every hour until the weight did not increase any more and the leaves are fully saturated. The dry weight was measured after drying the divided samples of the shoot and root for 72 h in a drying oven (Venticell-222, MMM Medcenter Einrichtungen GmbH., Munich, Germany) at 70 °C. The leaf area was measured with a leaf area meter (LI-3000, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). The color values of leaves were measured with a color reader CR-11 (1994 Minolta Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan). The relative water content and water content were determined using the following formulae [48 (link),49 ]: $\mathrm{Relative}\mathrm{water}\mathrm{content}=\frac{(\mathrm{fresh}\mathrm{weight}-\mathrm{dry}\mathrm{weight})\times 100}{\mathrm{saturated}\mathrm{weight}-\mathrm{dry}\mathrm{weight}}$
$\mathrm{Water}\mathrm{content}=\frac{(\mathrm{fresh}\mathrm{weight}-\mathrm{dry}\mathrm{weight})\times 100}{\mathrm{fresh}\mathrm{weight}}$

After 8 weeks, the disease severity of the “daughter” plants was estimated and the plant height, crown diameter, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll level (SPAD), and fresh and dry weights of shoots were examined.
A chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Konica Minolta Inc., Osaka, Japan) measured the SPAD. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using a portable fluorometer (FluorPen FP110, Photon Systems Instruments, Drásov, Czech Republic). The fresh weight was measured with an electronic scale (EW 220-3NM, Kern and Sohn GmbH., Balingen, Germany). The samples were rinsed with distilled water and dried using a forced air-dry oven (Venticell-222, MMM Medcenter Einrichtungen GmbH., Munich, Germany) at 70 °C for 72 h before the dry weights were recorded. The dried leaves were further used to determine the nutrient contents.

After 56 days of treatment, the petiole length, crown and root diameters, root length, FW and DW of the shoots and roots, number of leaves, and leaf area were measured. The FW was investigated using an electronic balance (EW220-3NM, Kern & Sohn GmbH., Balingen, Germany) and the DW was investigated after drying in an oven (Venticell-220, MMM Medcenter Einrichtunger GmbH., Planegg, Germany) at 70 °C for 72 h. The crown and root diameter were measured using Vernier calipers (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo Co. Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan). The leaf area was measured using a leaf area meter (LI-3000, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). Photosynthetic rate was measured using a portable photosynthesis system (CIRAS-3, PP Systems International Inc., Amesbury, MA, USA) on the fully unfolded fifth leaf from the top. The measurement conditions were controlled as follows: leaf area 4.5 mm²; leaf temperature 20 °C; air flow rate 150 mL·min⁻¹; 500 or 1500 µmol∙mol⁻¹ CO₂ concentration; 100, 200, or 300 µmol∙m⁻²∙s⁻¹ PPFD. The chlorophyll content was expressed as the SPAD, and measured using a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Konica Minolta Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The first and second harvests were performed after treatment for 61 and 96 days, respectively, and the harvest yield was measured by weight of marketable leaves (over 15 cm² of leaf area).