EEG recordings took place in a darkened, acoustically and electromagnetically shielded cabin with video control. A 32 channel QuickAmp amplifier and BrainVision Analyzer 2.1 software were used (Brain Products, Gilching, Germany). EEG signals were recorded over 19 scalp sites (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, Fz, C3, C4, Cz, T3, T4, T5, T6, P3, P4, Pz, O1, and O2) at a sampling rate of 250 Hz. Ag/AgCl electrodes were positioned according to the standard 10–20 International system and referred to the right mastoid. In order to exclude artifacts caused by eye movements and pulse beats, the electrooculogram and the electrocardiogram were also derived. Impedances were kept below 5 kΩ before starting the recording. Children sat 1.5 m in front of a screen on which the experimental pictures were shown, and were asked to look at the pictures attentively.
Quickamp amplifier
Manufactured by Brain Products
Sourced in Germany
The QuickAmp is a high-performance amplifier designed for electroencephalography (EEG) and other physiological signal recording applications. It features a compact and modular design, with up to 64 channels and a sampling rate of up to 4000 Hz per channel. The QuickAmp provides reliable and accurate signal acquisition, making it a versatile tool for researchers and clinicians.
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Lab products found in correlation
Acticap electrodes, by Brain Products (2 mentions)
Brain vision analyzer, by Brain Products (2 mentions)
Ag agcl scalp electrodes, by Brain Products (2 mentions)
Acticap, by Brain Products (1 mentions)
Matlab, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Brain vision recorder software, by Brain Products (1 mentions)
Brain vision analyzer 2, by Brain Products (1 mentions)
16 protocols using quickamp amplifier
1
EEG Recordings of Children's Visual Attention
2
EEG Acquisition Using 121 Electrodes
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EEG data were obtained using an EEG cap with 121 actiCAP active electrodes at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz and a QuickAmp amplifier (BrainProducts GmbH, Germany). The electrodes were placed according to the 10–5 system, using the electrode located over the left mastoid (TPP9h in 10–5 system) as the initial reference. All recordings were converted to a common average reference.
3
Resting-State EEG Data Acquisition
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rsEEG was collected using Brain Products EEG systems (Brain Products, Gilching, Germany) at two UBC sites part of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (Lam et al., 2016 (link)). The process of acquiring data with different systems has been carefully considered and addressed (Farzan et al., 2017a (link)). Continuous rsEEG was recorded using 31 (site A) or 64 (site B) recording sites determined using the 10–20 system of electrode placement, an EasyCap electrode cap, and sintered Ag-AgCl electrodes. rsEEG data were recorded using a QuickAmp amplifier (Brain Products, Gilching, Germany; 1000 Hz A/D rate; 0.10 Hz high pass, 499 Hz low pass; common average reference; impedances ≤ 10 kΩ). rsEEG was obtain within 7 days of treatment initiation in all participants (mean 3.7 days).
Participants were given the same resting state instructions, “Please close your eyes for 3 min while we collect your brain activity at rest. Let your mind wander and try not to fall asleep.” All rsEEGs were conducted in a sound-attenuated room with reduced lighting to limit distraction and noise. Two sets of bipolar electrodes were placed around the participant’s eyes for collecting Electrooculogram (EOG) to track eye movements for artifact rejection.
Participants were given the same resting state instructions, “Please close your eyes for 3 min while we collect your brain activity at rest. Let your mind wander and try not to fall asleep.” All rsEEGs were conducted in a sound-attenuated room with reduced lighting to limit distraction and noise. Two sets of bipolar electrodes were placed around the participant’s eyes for collecting Electrooculogram (EOG) to track eye movements for artifact rejection.
4
EEG Pre-processing and ERP Analysis
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EEG was recorded continuously from 64 ActiCap Electrodes (Brain Products) at 1000 Hz by a QuickAmp amplifier (Brain Products). All sites were referenced to FCz and grounded to AFz. The electrodes were positioned according to the International 10–10 system. Additional bipolar electrodes registered the electrooculogram (EOG). EEG pre-processing was carried out using BrainVision Analyzer (Brain Products). All data were down-sampled to 250 Hz, re-referenced to the average of all electrodes, filtered (0.05 Hz to 30 Hz), epoched from 500 ms before the first beep to 1000 ms after the second beep and baselined from −150 ms to 0 ms relative to the first beep. An independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to reject eye movement artifacts. Eye related components were identified by comparing individual ICA components with EOG channels and by visual inspection. The number of trials rejected for each participant was small (13% on average). ERP analysis were performed on data using the SPM830 and Fieldtrip31 (link) toolboxes for MATLAB. The CNV for Fig. 1c was estimated at central-parietal electrodes (C3, C1, Cz, C2, C4).
5
EEG Recording with 61 Channels
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EEG was recorded from 61 standard channel positions (extended 10–20 system), using passive Ag/AgCl electrodes mounted on an electrocap (EasyCap GmbH, Herrsching-Breitbrunn, Germany). All electrode impedances were kept below 10 kΩ. A ground electrode was placed on the forehead. The vertical and horizontal electrooculogram (vEOG and hEOG) were measured with bipolar Ag/AgCl electrodes located on the outer canthi of both eyes and from above and below the left eye. Signals passed through a 72 channels QuickAmp amplifier (Brain Products GmbH, Munich, Germany) and were recorded online with an in-built average reference at a sample rate of 500 Hz. Online filtering with a 140 Hz low pass filter and a notch filter of 50 Hz was applied. No online high pass filter was applied.
6
Infant EEG Recording Procedure
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EEG data were recorded with 18 active electrodes placed on an EEG cap (ActiCap; Brain Products GmbH) according to the international 10/20 system. We used the QuickAmp amplifier (version 10.08.14; Brain Products GmbH) and the recording software BrainVision Recorder (version 1.20.0801; Brain Products GmbH). The data were sampled at a rate of 500 Hz and lowpass filtered online with 100 Hz as cutoff frequency. During the recordings, the data were referenced to the average of all electrodes. EEG recordings were carried out at Jorvi Hospital of Helsinki University Hospital (n = 87) and at a laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä (n = 15), both in Finland. The same models of equipment and recording protocol were used at both recording sites. The infants were awake and sitting in their parent’s lap during the measurements, which took approximately one and a half hour with preparations included. A research assistant or nurse entertained the infants during the measurement by silently interacting with them or showing toys. We used the software Presentation 17.2 (Neurobehavioural Systems Ltd., Berkeley, CA, USA) and a Genelec speaker for presenting the stimuli. The speaker was placed behind the infant’s head and the stimulus intensity at the infant’s head was approximately 65 dB (sound pressure level, SPL). The background noise of the room was approximately 40 dB (SPL).
7
Time-to-Target Tracking in EEG-based BCI
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Throughout the study, a 120-channel EEG was recorded at 1 kHz sampling rate, using active EEG electrodes and a QuickAmp amplifier (BrainProducts, Gilching, Germany). Electrodes were placed according to the extended 10-20 system, with Cz as the initial reference electrode. All data were re-referenced to common average reference offline.
To track each subject’s learning process over the course of the experiment, the normalized time-to-target (TTT) for each trial was computed, i.e. the time required from the instruction to initiate the movement to reaching the target, divided by the distance from starting position to target position.
To track each subject’s learning process over the course of the experiment, the normalized time-to-target (TTT) for each trial was computed, i.e. the time required from the instruction to initiate the movement to reaching the target, divided by the distance from starting position to target position.
8
EEG Recording in Patient and Control Cohorts
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Within the patient sample, EEG recordings were performed at BL and T1. However, not all patients were available for or willing to participate in the T1 EEG-recording. Thus, BL-datasets of 65 patients (and of 65 healthy controls) and T1-datasets of 57 patients were included into statistical analyses. Fifteen minutes of resting-EEG with eyes closed were recorded between 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Within patients, time of recording was not allowed to vary more than ± 1 h between BL and T1. During the EEG recording, participants were instructed to relax and not to fight a possibly occurring urge to fall asleep. The EEG was recorded with a 40 channel QuickAmp amplifier (Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany) from 31 electrode sites according to an extended version of the international 10–20 system at a sampling rate of 1 kHz, referenced against common average using a low-pass filter at 280 Hz. Impedances were kept below 10 kΩ. Electrooculogram (EOG) electrodes were placed above the upper left eye and under the lower right eye.
9
EMG Signal Acquisition and Processing
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In order to capture EMG signals, the skin was first shaved and prepped with alcohol swabs to reduce skin impedance. Ag/AgCl bipolar surface EMG sensors with 10 mm diameter (Brain Products GmbH, Munich, Germany) were placed on the motor points of bilateral RF and BF according to the suggestion by Perotto.[ 18 ] EMG signals were recorded using the QuickAmp amplifier and BrainVision Recorder software (Brain Products GmbH, Munich, Germany). EMG data were exported to MATLAB (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) for data analysis. The raw EMG signals were sampled at a rate of 1000 Hz, band pass filtered between 40 and 400 Hz, and processed using a full-wave rectification. A Butterworth low-pass filter with 6 Hz cutoff frequency was used to create a linear envelope EMG. The iEMG was calculated.
10
EEG Recording and Analysis of Movement Tasks
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The EEG data of each participant was recorded by a 32-channel QuickAmp amplifier and Ag/AgCl scalp electrodes (BrainProducts, Germany). The electrodes were positioned in accordance with the international 10–20 system (FP1, FP2, F3, Fz, F4, FC5, FC3, FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, C5, C3, C1, Cz, C2, C4, C6, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, P3, POz, P4, POz, O1, O2; reference: FCz, ground: AFz). Data were recorded in DC mode with a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz. Electrodes were filled properly with conductive gel to maintain the impedance below 5 kΩ to ensure good quality recording.
For CNV amplitude analysis, topographic mapping was performed using six electrodes of interest. These electrodes were (i) F3 and C3 (left hemisphere), (ii) F4 and C4 (right hemisphere), and (iii) Fz and Cz (midline region). Figure2 illustrates the topographic maps of participants when executing left or right hand movement tasks.
For CNV amplitude analysis, topographic mapping was performed using six electrodes of interest. These electrodes were (i) F3 and C3 (left hemisphere), (ii) F4 and C4 (right hemisphere), and (iii) Fz and Cz (midline region). Figure
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