Levodopa (L-DOPA) (Sinemet; 100 mg L-DOPA, 25 mg Carbidopa per pill) was diluted in 0.9% saline solution to achieve a concentration of 0.75 mg/ml. IVM (Norbrook, Lenexa, KS) was diluted in 0.9% saline solution, to achieve a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and injected at a volume of 0.01 ml/g of body weight. Propylene glycol (Sigma Aldrich, St.Louis, MO) was used as the vehicle control for IVM. SCH-23390 HCl and raclopride tartrate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) were dissolved in 0.9% saline at concentrations of 0.2 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml respectively. Both drugs were injected at a volume of 0.005 ml/g of body weight.
Raclopride tartrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United Kingdom
Raclopride tartrate is a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. It is used as a research tool in neuroscience studies to investigate the role of dopamine receptors in various physiological and behavioral processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Propylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sch 23390 hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gbr12909 dihydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Sch 23390 hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clonidine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nisoxetine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quinpirole hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using raclopride tartrate
1
Pharmacological Manipulation of Dopamine Signaling
2
Pharmacological Manipulation of Behavior
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The following drugs were used: amphetamine (GlaxoSmithKline), GBR12909 dihydrochloride (Tocris), atomoxetine (Orion Pharma, capsule contents dissolved in saline followed by brief centrifugation), SCH23390 hydrochloride (Sigma), and raclopride tartrate (Sigma) were dissolved in sterile saline. All drug solutions were injected at the volume of 10 ml/kg.
3
Pharmacological Manipulation of Monoamine Systems
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The immunotoxin aDBH was purchased from Advanced Targeting System (San Diego, CA, USA); nisoxetine hydrochloride and clonidine hydrochloride were from Tocris (Bristol, UK), quinpirole hydrochloride and raclopride tartrate were from Sigma-Aldrich. 2. A single, full effective dose of each drug was chosen, according to literature and our previous experience, to describe a qualitative rather than a quantitative effect (Nisoxetine: Chen and Reith, 1994 (link); Rowley et al., 2000 (link); Devoto et al., 2019 (link). Quinpirole: Devoto et al., 2001 (link); Marinelli et al., 2006 (link). Clonidine: Devoto et al., 2001 (link); Gobbi et al., 2001 (link). Raclopride: Wong et al., 2018 (link); Devoto et al., 2019 (link)). Drugs were dissolved in sterile distilled water, and IP or subcutaneously (SC) administered in a volume of 1 ml/kg body weight. Sub-groups of animals were treated by infusion through microdialysis probe with 20 µM clonidine in aCSF into the LC, or with 10 µM nisoxetine in aCSF into the mPFC.
4
Dose-Dependent Effects of SCH23390 and Raclopride
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SCH23390 hydrochloride (SCH 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/kg) was purchased from Adooq. Raclopride tartrate (RAC 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 mg/kg) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The drugs were dissolved in a vehicle of 0.4 % dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.9% sodium chloride, and adjusted to pH = 7±1. The dose-ranges used in the studies were based on a literature review and on pilot dose-finding studies described in the supplementary information for the NA adrenoceptor article (Klem et al. 2023 ).
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