6 diamino 2 phenylindole dapi

XZK powder was kindly provided by the WBL Peking University Biotech Co., Luye Pharma Group (Beijing, China). 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), Oil red O and sirius red were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Atorvastatin was obtained from Pfizer Ltd. (New York, NY, USA). The antibodies against α-actin, β-actin, MMP8, MMP13, TNFα, phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α), IRE1α, eIF2α, PERK and IκBα were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA); antibodies against BiP, phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), spliced x-box binding protein 1 (s-XBP1), cleaved PARP, and active caspase-3 were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA); and antibodies against CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and ATF6 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies including Alexa Fluor 488-labeled donkey anti-rabbit antibody, Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat anti-rat antibody, and Alexa Fluor 555-labeled donkey anti-mouse antibody were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The TUNEL assay kit (In Situ Cell Death Detection kit) was from Roche (Mannheim, Germany), real-time PCR (qPCR) reagent kits were from TAKARA Biotechnology (Dalian, China), and 6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

To demonstrate the uptake of Exos by H9c2 cells and HUVEC, Exos were labeled with DiI (red fluorescent dye, C1036, Beyotime, China) and co-cultured with recipient cells at 37 °C for 6 or 24 h, washed with PBS, and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min. The nuclei were stained with 6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (0.5 g/ml, C1005, Beyotime, China) for 10 min, and observed using a confocal microscope.