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994 protocols using spss for windows version 20

1

White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Analysis

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For all statistical analyses, we used SPSS for Windows version 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA), and considered a two-sided p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. We compared continuous variables using independent samples t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), and categorical variables using chi-squared test.
For each of the total WMH, PVWMH, and DWMH, we calculated the total volume, hemispheric volume, and regional volumes and proportions. We obtained hemispheric volumes by dividing the WMH labels into those corresponding to the left and right hemispheres by referencing the longitudinal fissure, and anterior and posterior regions as specified in a white matter atlas proposed by Murray et al. (2010) (link).
For all analyses, we used SPSS for Windows version 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA), and considered a two-sided p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant.
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2

Statistical Significance Evaluation Protocol

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Statistical significance was determined by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS software (SPSS for Windows, Version 20, IBM, SPSS Inc.). Statistical significant level was considered at P < 0.05.
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3

Glycemic Response Evaluation Protocol

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The data were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows, version 20, IBM Corporation. Statistical analysis was done by two-way ANOVA for blood glucose level, whereas other biochemical parameters were analysed by one-way ANOVA, followed by LSD. Experimental data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). A level of P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
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4

Analyzing Flower Color and Trait Correlations

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We reduced the three color variables (L, a, and b) using principal component analysis. The first principal component (PC1) represented 63% of variance in a, b and L (eigenvalue = 1.89; 2,711 flowers); thus, PC1 is considered the flower color variable in further analysis. Note that we have additionally performed the analyses using both PC1 and PC2 (jointly explaining 95% of variation in flower color) and results remained the same (results not shown). Thus, we present results using only PC1 as a color descriptor for the sake of simplicity. Low scores of the PC1 indicate dark-orange color and high scores indicate bright-yellow color since factor coordinates of the original variables on PC1 were L (brightness) = 0.686, a (red related component) = -0.360, and b (yellow related component) = 0.631.
Although we focused on flower color, we included other phenotypic traits in the following analyses to control for their possible effects on pollination, seed predation and seed production, or their correlation with flower color. We performed Pearson correlations for the traits under study.
We followed the approach proposed by Herrera et al. [22 ] to test for natural selection driving local adaptation and the role played by the animal community. To this end, we performed the following analyses (using the SPSS for windows version 20, IBM SPSS Statistics 20).
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5

Statistical Analysis of Animal Study

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Statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS for Windows, Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Quantitative data were tested for normal distribution by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Normally distributed data were expressed as a mean ± standard deviation. Two-tailed independent-sample t tests were used for animal age, body weight, blood pressure, Ktrans value, and histological data comparison between the two groups. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference in all the statistical procedures.
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6

Comparative Cancer Case Analysis

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We compared the standard deviation seen in each of the model specifications with the data from both NHS Grampian and NHS England for comparable cancer case numbers (expressed as a range either side of the model specification number). Statistical analyses and modelling were conducted using SPSS for Windows Version 20 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) and R version 3.02.
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7

Physical Activity Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome

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Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Data were presented as mean values and standard deviations. Descriptive statistics and frequency of daily PA and risk factors of MetS were calculated for both percentage and absolute values. An independent t-test was used to examine differences in risk factors of MetS based on sedentary time, LPA and MVPA. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify a significant impact of PA patterns on MetS status. Multiple linear regression was used to compute the model of significant independent variables of PA patterns on risk factors of MetS. A general linear model (univariate ANOVA) was used to assess the interaction between LPA and MVPA. An α-level of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
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8

Assessing Dysphagia Risk using T-EAT-10

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The IBM-SPSS for Windows version 20 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to perform all statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics were calculated as a number per percent for qualitative data and mean ± standard deviation for quantitative data. The mean T-EAT-10 for patients who had aspiration (PAS > 5) was compared to the mean T-EAT-10 for patients who did not have aspiration (PAS < 6) with the independent-samples t test. We determined the cut-off score according to the mean T-EAT-10 scores of patients without dysphagia. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created with area under the curve. The sensitivity, specificity, and relative risk for the association between T-EAT-10 and aspiration on VFSS were calculated. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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9

Socio-demographic Factors and Nutritional Status

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The data was analysed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 20. Categorical variables have been presented as frequencies and percentages. To examine associations between socio-demographic characteristics, food habits and the nutritional status, Chi-Square test was performed. Fischer’s exact test was used in cases where conditions for Chi-Square test were not met. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant at 95% confidence interval.
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10

Sonographic parameters for CD activity

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All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical software SPSS for Windows version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Simple descriptive statistics was used to characterize the distribution of the individual features. Sensitivity, specificity, both positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy related to CD activity were calculated for selected sonographic parameters. Differences among the distributions of the selected variables were assessed by the chi-square McNemar test for categorical data. Cohen’s weighted κ statistic was used to assess agreement between the tests. All tests applied were two-tailed, and statistical significance was considered when P-value was less than 0.05.
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