Quercetin, isorhamnetin (3′-O-methyl Quercetin), luteolin and diosmetin (4′-O-methyl luteolin) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Penicillin (5000 U/mL) and streptomycin (5000 μg/mL) were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Serotonin was a product of Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Kynuramine and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/Nutrient F-12 Ham (D 8437) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1 was from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany). Other reagents were of the highest grade available from commercial sources.
Quercetin
Manufactured by Extrasynthese
Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Poland
Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound. It has a chemical formula of C₁₅H₁₀O₇ and is known for its antioxidant properties. Quercetin is commonly used in research applications as a reference standard or analytical tool.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Catechin, by Extrasynthese (21 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Extrasynthese (20 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Extrasynthese (18 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
Luteolin, by Extrasynthese (16 mentions)
Rutin, by Extrasynthese (16 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Extrasynthese (15 mentions)
Apigenin, by Extrasynthese (15 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Extrasynthese (14 mentions)
Luteolin 7 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (12 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Extrasynthese (12 mentions)
Kaempferol 3 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (11 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Extrasynthese (11 mentions)
Isorhamnetin 3 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (9 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Quercetin 3 o glucoside, by Extrasynthese (9 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Hyperoside, by Extrasynthese (8 mentions)
77 protocols using quercetin
1
Phytochemical Compound Characterization
2
Quercetin 3-O-Glucuronide Bioactivity Assay
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All cell culture medium components, Quercetin 3-O--D-glucuronide and other reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK) unless otherwise stated. Quercetin was from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and Quercetin 3 -O-sulfate was synthesised in house [42] . TrypLE Express and Pierce Coomassie (Bradford) Protein Assay Kit (#23200) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Paisley, UK).
Mouse anti-NDUFB8 (ab 110242) was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and NADH was from VWR (Lutterworth, UK). FAM-labelled Taqman primers for PPARGC-1 (PGC-1 , Hs01016719_m1), Repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMB, Hs00543559_m1), RGMB antisense RNA 1 (RGMB-AS1, Hs04273852_m1) and VIC-labelled primer for TATA-box binding protein (TBP) primer (Hs00427620_m1) were from Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) Supermix for Probes (no dUTP) and all other materials used for ddPCR were from Bio-Rad (Watford, UK). High purity water (18.2 M cm -1 ) supplied by a MilliQ system (Merck Millipore UK, Watford, UK) was used throughout this work.
Mouse anti-NDUFB8 (ab 110242) was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and NADH was from VWR (Lutterworth, UK). FAM-labelled Taqman primers for PPARGC-1 (PGC-1 , Hs01016719_m1), Repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMB, Hs00543559_m1), RGMB antisense RNA 1 (RGMB-AS1, Hs04273852_m1) and VIC-labelled primer for TATA-box binding protein (TBP) primer (Hs00427620_m1) were from Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) Supermix for Probes (no dUTP) and all other materials used for ddPCR were from Bio-Rad (Watford, UK). High purity water (18.2 M cm -1 ) supplied by a MilliQ system (Merck Millipore UK, Watford, UK) was used throughout this work.
3
Caco-2/TC7 Cell Culture Protocol
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All cell culture supplies were from Invitrogen, Paisley, UK, unless otherwise stated. Caco-2/TC7 cells were kindly donated by Dr M. Rousset, U178 INSERM, Villejuif, France. Millicell-ERS volt ohmmeter was obtained from Millipore corporation, Massachusetts, USA. Transwell inserts and 12 well plates were Costar brand obtained from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK. The MK571 was purchased from Biomol Research Laboratories, Exeter, UK. Mini protease inhibitor cocktail tablets containing EDTA and perfabloc were purchased from Roche, Welwyn Garden City, UK. Galangin, quercetin and kaempferol were purchased from Extrasynthese, 69727 Genay Cedex, France. Alamethacin from Trichoderma viride, uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid and uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, Poole, UK. GraFit software was version 4.0 and purchased from Erithacus Software Ltd., East Grinstead, UK. Gemini C18 (150 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., 5 μm) narrow bore HPLC column was purchased from Phenomenex, Macclesfield, UK. Analytical chemistry was performed using ChemStation software on an HP1100 HPLC and single quadrupole MSD SL mass spectrometer from Agilent, Manchester, UK. All solvents and other reagents of analytical grade were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich, Poole, UK.
4
Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Botanical Samples
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The standards of protocatechuic (1), chlorogenic (2), caffeic (3), ferulic (4) and p-coumaric (5) acids, and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (6), isoquercitrin (7), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (8), astragalin (9), isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (10), quercetin (11), luteolin (12), and kaempferol (13) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); santonin was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). HPLC-gradient grade solvents and analytical-grade chemicals were provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was double distilled. Solvents were filtered through a 0.45 μm filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and degassed in an ultrasonic bath before use. The stock standard solutions of analytes were prepared in methanol and stored at 4°C in the dark. The working standard solutions of appropriate concentration were prepared by diluting the stock standard solutions with methanol.
5
Antiamoebic Activity of Phenolic Compounds
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Twenty four molecules were used to evaluate their in vitro activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff. Gallic acid, vanillin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, tyrosol, protochatechuic acid, rutin, catechin oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain), the luteolin, lueolin-7- O -glucoside, apigenine, versbascoside, quercetin and the ursolic acid were purchased from Extrasynthese (Cymit quimica, Barcelona, Spain), as for the oleanolic and maslinic acids they were isolated and purified from olive leaf extraction accordingly to Sifaoui et al, (2014a) [5 (link)]. Stock solutions have been prepared by dissolving the molecules in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma Aldrich (Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain) at a concentration of 10 mg/ml.
6
Phytochemical Analysis Protocol
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Acetonitrile, water (HPLC), methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethyl ether, albumin standard, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and paraffin wax was obtained from Merck (Germany). Streptozotocin (STZ) was obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). Referent HPLC standards (chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, ellag-ic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, morin, resveratrol, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, gallic acid, cyanidin chloride, cynanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, pro-cyanidin B1, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, epicatechin and phloridzin) (HPLC grade, ≥99% purity) were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). The other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany.
7
Compound Identification in Plant Extracts
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Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC–MS), formic acid (for LC–MS) and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck (Merck, Bulgaria). The reference standards used for compound identification were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) for p-coumaric, o-coumaric, ferulic acids, saponarin, homoorientin, orientin, rutin, isovitexin, isoquercitrin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, quercetin, and apigenin. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were supplied from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Bavaria, Germany).
8
Quantification of Cranberry Polyphenols
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Standards of catechin (CAT), epicatechin (EC), myricetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, procyanidin C1 (PC1), and procyanidin A2 (PA2) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Methanol, acetonitrile, 4-dimethylammino-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC), and acetic acid were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Amicon ultra-4 centrifugal filter units of 3, 10, 30, 50, and 100 nominal molecular weight limits (NMWL) were supplied from Merck Millipore (Milan, Italy). Water was from a Milli-Q apparatus (Millipore, Milford, CT, USA). Commercial dried cranberry extracts (A1, A2, and A3) were obtained from different manufacturers. Notably, A1 and A3 were obtained from an industrial producer of natural ingredients starting from whole berry. On the contrary, A2 was produced by a small company through a proprietary purification and concentration process starting from cranberry commercial extracts. Details regarding the plant origins and manufacturing processes of the extracts are not available.
9
Antioxidant Compound Characterization Protocol
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2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Methanol (LC-MS grade) was purchased from Chem-Lab (Zedelgem, Belgium). Formic acid (LC-MS grade) was purchased from Fischer Scientific (Madrid, Spain); Trolox was purchased from Acrὸs organics (Morris, NJ, USA). Water (LC/MS grade) was purified using a Millipore Direct-Q 3UV apparatus (18.2 mΩ*sec). Standard compounds (catechin, procyanidin B1, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, myricetin glucoside, kaempferol glucoside, quercitrin, quercetin 3.4-di-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, amentoflavone, hypericin) were purchased from ExtraSynthese (Genay, France) and hyperforin was purchased from ChromaDex (Los Angeles, CA, USA).
10
Enzymatic Assay of Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Buffer components, sugar substrates and standards, and most inhibitors (acarbose, galangin, kaempferol and EGCG) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp., Merck (St. Louis, MO, USA), with purity >98%. Quercetagetin was purchased from EMD Millipore, Merck (Burlington, MA, USA) and quercetin was purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Maltose monohydrate, sucrose and isomaltose were used as substrates for the enzyme assay, and together with fructose and glucose, were used as sugar standards for the chromatographic analyses. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless specified otherwise.
The Dionex™ Integrion™ HPIC™ (High Performance Ion Chromatography) system was used for High-Performance Anion-Exchange chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAE-PAD) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) for the separation and analysis of sugars. A PHERAstar FS plate reader (BMG Labtech, Ortenberg, Germany) was used for measuring absorbance in the total protein assay. High-purity (18.2 mΩ/cm) H2O supplied by a MilliQ system (Millipore) was used throughout.
The Dionex™ Integrion™ HPIC™ (High Performance Ion Chromatography) system was used for High-Performance Anion-Exchange chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAE-PAD) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) for the separation and analysis of sugars. A PHERAstar FS plate reader (BMG Labtech, Ortenberg, Germany) was used for measuring absorbance in the total protein assay. High-purity (18.2 mΩ/cm) H2O supplied by a MilliQ system (Millipore) was used throughout.
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