Hydrochloric acid (hcl)

Chitosan (medium molecular weight: 75–85% deacetylated), sodium tripolyphosphate, ovalbumin, and 96% electrophoresis agarose gel were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, (Gillingham, UK). Mucin from porcine stomach, glacial acetic acid, calcium chloride, Coomassie brilliant blue, disodium hydrogen phosphate, hydrochloric acid, monobasic potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium azide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, D(+)-trehalose, polyethylene glycol (MW 20,000), Bradford protein assay reagent, pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, sodium taurocholate, lecithin, maleic acid, sodium oleate, sodium alginate- medium viscosity, SKU: A2033 from brown algae, porcine bile extract, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, urea, uric acid sodium salt, glycine, lactic acid sodium salt, 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2-mercaptoethanol, and bromophenol blue sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were all purchased from Bio-Rad, Watford, UK.

Potassium persulfate (99.5%), sodium carbonate (99%), Trolox (98%), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) (98%), Folin Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and Gallic acid (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, South Africa. Iron (III) chloride 6-hydrate (97%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.9%), Iron (II) sulfate 7-hydrate and acetic acid (87%); 2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) (99%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (96%), hydrochloric acid (35%), ascorbic acid (99%), sodium chloride (99.9%), and ethanol (99%) were purchased from BioRad, South Africa.