Propidium iodide

PEG, HPMA, curcumin, acetone, dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ficoll-Paque solution, Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), potassium chloride (KCl), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), RIPA buffer (containing 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 1% Triton X-100, 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and protease inhibitor cocktail), SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SD-SPAGE), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). K562, a potent leukemia cell line derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in blast crisis, was purchased from the RIKEN BRC Cell Bank (Ibaraki, Japan). RPMI 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin were from Invitrogen™ Life (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Propidium iodide (PI) was from US Biological (Swampscott, MA, USA). Goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with HRP was from the Promega Corporation, (Madison, WI, USA). Luminata^TM Forte Western HRP Substrate was from the Millipore Corporation, (Billerica, MA, USA). Primary rabbit polyclonal anti-WT1 and rabbit polyclonal anti-GAPDH were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Other chemicals and solvents were of the highest grade available.

Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃.6H₂O) was purchased from Fisher Chemicals and tannic acid (C₇₆H₅₂O₄₆) was from Loba Chemie; Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/F-12), and Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Caisson Laboratories. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from HyClone^TM Thermo Fisher Scientific. Collagen type I, ribonuclease A (Rnase A), triton X-100, propidium iodide (PI), and annexin V (FITC) apoptosis detection BioAssay™ kit were purchased from US Biological. Sodium azide (NaN₃) and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) were procured from BDH Laboratory. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and monodensylcadavarine (MDC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; nitric acid (HNO₃) and ethanol were procured from ACL Labscan; and formalin was purchased from Gammaco. 3-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and acrylamide/bis-acrylaminde were purchased from Bio Basic Inc. and etramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) was procured from Invitrogen. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) was purchased from J.T. Baker; methanol was procured from Northern Chemicals and Glasswares Ltd.; and acridine orange was purchased from AMRESCO. LC3B polyclonal antibody and goat anti-rabbit lgG (H + L) secondary antibody, DyLight 488, were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific.