Hea 230 glucometer

Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholinesterase (ChE), total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin (INS), and adiponectin (ADP) were determined using commercial assay kits according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute; Nanjing, China). The blood glucose level was determined immediately with a HEA-230 glucometer (Omron; Osaka, Japan).

Body weight, fasting glucose, and urine volume were measured at 4-week intervals. Fasting blood glucose was monitored with Omron HEA-230 Glucometer (Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) by using one drop of tail blood. Animals were placed in individual metabolic cages every 4 weeks for 24 h urine collection and drinking volume calculation. Blood samples were drawn from orbit for serum BUN and creatinine detection at the end of the study. All mice were killed at 9 weeks after the start of STZ treatment, and kidneys were immediately harvested for protein or RNA extraction or for histological analysis. Urinary albumin and creatinine were measured with commercial ELISA kits (Biovision, Milpitas, CA, USA). Urinary albumin excretion was expressed as ACR. BUN was measured using Urea Nitrogen Colorimetric Detection Kit (Arbor Assays, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). All the biochemical parameters were determined according to the manufacturer’s instructions.