Statistical package for the social sciences 20

Data were expressed as mean ± SD, obtained from at least three independent experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between groups was determined by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Dunnett test. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 software (IBM, Inc., Armonk, NY, USA).

All data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (StD), and the comparison between two groups was conducted by independent t-test and paired t-test. Categorical data were expressed as a percentage and compared with the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to assess the diagnostic power of quantitative DWI and PWI parameters in evaluating the efficacy of TACE for HCC. A two-tailed P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Data obtained in the study were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 software (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). Intra- and inter-observer reliabilities were calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Dependent variables were evaluated using Student’s paired t-test, and categorical variables with the chi-squared test.

Summary statistics are presented as mean ± SD, median (range), or number (percentage), where applicable. The paired t test was used for parametric scale and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for nonparametric scale variables. All statistical analyses were performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY) and MATLAB R2015b (MathWorks). To account for a possible influence on cortical atrophy rates, age and sex of the patients were included as covariates. To investigate whether the detected lesion topology patterns allow the prediction of physical disability (measured with the EDSS) on the group level, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted. This statistical method is preferentially used to quantify how accurately a diagnostic test performs when it is required to make a series of discriminations into 2 different states (e.g., stable EDSS and EDSS worsening) on the basis of a specific diagnostic variable (e.g., lesion pattern). The area under the ROC curve was used as the index of the prediction accuracy to compare the ROC curves. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For each significant covarying pattern that was used for the prediction of the EDSS score at follow-up, the accuracy was 10-fold cross-validated using the SVM algorithm.

All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous variables were presented as the mean with standard deviation (SD) and categorical variables as percentages. To assess baseline characteristic differences between the NVAF patients in the secondary and tertiary hospital groups, Pearson’s χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables and Student’s t-test to compare continuous variables. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the average values of the CHADS₂, CHA₂DS₂-VASc, and HAS-BLED scores. For all analyses, a two-sided probability value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.