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16 protocols using expresshyb

1

Southern Blotting Protocol for DNA Analysis

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The gel was immersed for 15 min at room temperature in 0.25M HCl, before rinsing and soaking in denaturing solution (1.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M NaOH) for 30 min at room temperature. Southern blotting was performed essentially as described (25 ), transferring DNA overnight to Hybond N+ (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). The orientation of the blot and well location were marked with a soft pencil before rinsing in 2× saline-sodium citrate buffer (SSC) (300 mM NaCl, 30 mM sodium citrate, pH7.0) followed by baking at 120°C for 30 min.
Hybridization was performed at 60°C overnight in ExpressHyb (Clontech Laboratories Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). The blot was prehybridized for 30 min. The probe (25 ng/ml of hybridization buffer) was denatured at 95°C for 8 min, quenched on ice for 2 min before adding to the prehybridization mix and incubating overnight in a rotating oven. The blot was washed at 60°C for 8 min twice with wash one (2× SSC, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) and twice with wash two (0.2× SSC, 0.1% SDS). Digoxigenin-dUTP probes were detected using the DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II according to the manufacturers instructions (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
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2

Quantitative Northern Blot Analysis

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293T cells were plated at 5.25 × 106 cells in 10-cm dishes and transfected with 20 µg of a Cas9/sgRNA expression plasmid using polyethylenimine. Cells were harvested 72-h post-transfection in TRIzol (Life Technologies). Total RNA was isolated and fractionated on a 10% TBE-Urea Gel (Bio-Rad) and then transferred to HyBond-N membrane (Amersham) and UV crosslinked (Stratalinker, Stratagene). Membranes were prehybridized in ExpressHyb (Clontech) and then incubated at 37°C with a 32P-end labeled oligonucleotide. Membranes were washed with 2X SSC/0.1% SDS at 37°C and subjected to autoradiography.
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3

miRNA Expression Analysis by Northern Blot

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miRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis as previously described63 (link). Briefly, total RNA (5 μg) was separated on a 15% acrylamide TBE 8 M urea gel and blotted onto a Hybond N+ nylon filter (Amersham Biosciences). DNA oligonucleotides complementary to mature miR-148a-3p (5′–ACAAAGTTCTGTAGTGCACTGA–3′) were end-labeled with [a-32P] ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs) to generate high-specific activity probes. Hybridization was carried out according to the ExpressHyb (Clontech) protocol. Following overnight membrane hybridization with specific radiolabeled probes, membranes were washed once for 30 min at 42 °C in 4x SSC/0.5% SDS and subjected to autoradiography. Blots were reprobed for 5s rRNA (5′–CAGGCCCGACCCTGCTTAGCTTCCGAGAGATCAGACGAGAT–3′) to control for equal loading.
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4

Northern Blot Analysis of Viral RNA and Actin mRNA

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Viral RNA and actin mRNA from total cell extracts were detected by northern blotting. Specifically, TRIzol-extracted RNA was resuspended in 2× loading dye (22% formaldehyde (Fisher Bioreagents), 60% Formamide (Sigma), 18% 10× MOPS-EDTA-Sodium Acetate (MESA; Sigma), 0.004% Bromophenol blue), denatured at 65°C for 10 min and separated for 2 h at 100 V in a 1% agarose gel containing 6.7% formaldehyde and 3.7% MESA. RNA was transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane overnight. The following morning RNA was UV-crosslinked to the membranes. Membranes were pre-hybridized in ExpressHyb (Clontech) for 1 h at 55°C, followed by hybridization for 1 h at 65°C with α32P dATP RadPrime (Invitrogen) labeled probe. Hereafter, membranes were washed three times (30-min/wash) at 55°C in 0.1× saline-sodium citrate (SSC) buffer, 0.1% SDS buffer. Membranes were exposed to a phospho-screen overnight and imaged on a Typhoon 2400 imager. Viral genome and actin mRNA were detected using the following DNA probes targeting different regions within each RNA: ZIKV (nt 10 324–10 808), DENV (nt 10 507–10 526), HCV (nt 1–341) PV (nt 1–753) and actin (nt 685–1171).
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5

Northern Blot Analysis of miR-27b

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miRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis as previously described34 (link). Briefly, total RNA (5 ug) was separated on a 15% acrylamide TBE 8M urea gel and blotted onto a Hybond N+ nylon filter (Amersham Biosciences). DNA oligonucleotides complementary to mature miR-27b (5’-GCAGAACTTAGCCACTGTGAA-3’) were end-labeled with [a-32P] ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs) to generate high-specific activity probes. Hybridization was carried out according to the ExpressHyb (Clontech) protocol. Following overnight membrane hybridization with specific radiolabeled probes, membranes were washed once for 30 min at 42 °C in 4× SSC/0.5% SDS and subjected to autoradiography. Blots were reprobed for 5s rRNA (5′-CAGGCCCGACCCTGCTTAGCTTCCGAGAGATCAGACGAGAT-3′) to control for equal loading.
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6

Polyadenylation Analysis of Mos mRNA

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Polyadenylation of Mos cRNA was determined as described (Howard et al., 1999 (link); Rasar et al., 2006 (link)). Briefly, 36 hours after oligonucleotide injection, each oocyte was injected with 10 ng of cRNA encoding the terminal 280 nucleotides of the 3′UTR of Mos mRNA and oocytes were allowed to recover for 2 hours. Oocytes were then stimulated with testosterone and permeabilized every 4 hours. RNA was extracted using 1ml Trizol (Invitrogen), and 20μg of total RNA was run on a 2.2% agarose formaldehyde gel in 1x MOPS buffer for ~10 hours at 60V. RNA was transferred to a Nytran SuPerCharge nylon membrane (Schleicher & Schuell) by downward transfer in 20xSSC (Schleicher & Schuell) and UV crosslinked. Membranes were pre-hybridized in ExpressHyb (Clontech) at 68°C for 30 minutes, then probed with [32P]-dCTP labeled Mos 3′UTR DNA (Rediprime II, Amersham Biosciences) for 1 hour, washed twice in 2x SSC, 0.05% SDS, then twice in 0.1x SSC, 0.1% SDS and subsequently subjected to autoradiography.
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7

miRNA Expression Analysis by Northern Blot

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miRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis as previously described63 (link). Briefly, total RNA (5 μg) was separated on a 15% acrylamide TBE 8 M urea gel and blotted onto a Hybond N+ nylon filter (Amersham Biosciences). DNA oligonucleotides complementary to mature miR-148a-3p (5′–ACAAAGTTCTGTAGTGCACTGA–3′) were end-labeled with [a-32P] ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs) to generate high-specific activity probes. Hybridization was carried out according to the ExpressHyb (Clontech) protocol. Following overnight membrane hybridization with specific radiolabeled probes, membranes were washed once for 30 min at 42 °C in 4x SSC/0.5% SDS and subjected to autoradiography. Blots were reprobed for 5s rRNA (5′–CAGGCCCGACCCTGCTTAGCTTCCGAGAGATCAGACGAGAT–3′) to control for equal loading.
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8

Northern Blot Analysis of sgRNA Targets

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10 μg of RNA previously extracted with Trizol (Life Technologies) were run on a 15% denaturing polyacrylamide gel and blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane for 1 hour at 100 V at room temperature. The membranes were then hybridized to radiolabeled oligonucleotides complementary to the Alk (5’-TACAGATAGACATGCCAGGAC), Eml4 (5’-TCCTAGTAGACCCCGACAAAC) sgRNAs, or mU6 (5'-GCAGGGGCCATGCTAATCTTCTCTGTATCG) dissolved in ExpressHyb (Clontech) at 42°C overnight. Washes were performed at room temperature in 2X SSC and 0.2 SSC.
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9

MicroRNA Detection via Northern Blotting

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Total RNA was isolated from cells using Trizol (Invitrogen), resolved on 10% polyacrylamide-urea gels, and electroblotted onto HyBond N+ membranes. Membranes were hybridized overnight with radiolabeled DNA antisense oligonucleotides to miRNAs in ExpressHyb solution (Clontech). After hybridization, membranes were washed three times with 2× SSC and 0.05% SDS, twice with 0.1× SSC and 0.1% SDS, exposed overnight onto a film. The same blot was hybridized (upon stripping in boiling 0.1% SDS) with up to three distinct oligonucleotide probes (Supplementary Table 1).
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10

Northern Blot Analysis of RNA

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RNA samples prepared as described in the previous section were separated by electrophoresis in 1.2% agarose gels containing 2.2 M formaldehyde, 40 mM MOPS (pH 7.0), 10 mM sodium acetate and 1 mM EDTA, partially hydrolyzed in 50 mM NaOH/1.5 M NaCl and transferred overnight to a Hybond N+ membrane in 10 × SSC as described (Brown et al., 2004 ). The membrane was UV-crosslinked (0.12 J/cm2), stained with methylene blue to visualize the 28S and 18S rRNAs, washed in 0.2 × SSC/1% SDS and blocked in ExpressHyb (Clontech; cat# 636831) at 68°C for 1 hour. Hybridization with heat-denatured DNA probe was done in ExpressHyb at 68°C for 2 hours. The membrane was washed twice in 2 × SSC, 0.05% SDS at 68°C and twice in 0.1 × SSC, 0.1% SDS at 50°C, 15 min each wash. The membrane was then dried and radioactive bands were visualized using a Typhoon Trio Variable Mode Imager (GE Healthcare).
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