The UV-Vis spectra of the aqueous AgNPs suspensions were obtained by Carry 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The presence of a surface plasmon resonance peak was used to confirm the formation of AgNPs.
Carry 60 uv vis spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States
The Carry 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the absorbance or transmittance of light in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is capable of analyzing samples across a wide range of wavelengths, providing quantitative data about the chemical composition and concentration of various substances.
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Lab products found in correlation
6130 single quadrupole lc ms, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
1260 infinity 2 lc system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Combined glass electrode, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Sz 100 nanoparticle analyzer, by Horiba (1 mentions)
827 ph meter, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Malvern zetasizer nano series, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (abts), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tensor 27 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
9 protocols using carry 60 uv vis spectrophotometer
1
Characterizing Silver Nanoparticles by UV-Vis
2
Colorimetric Determination of Hyaluronic Acid in Urine
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For colorimetric determination of HA, 5 mL of urine sample was placed into a glass tube and then centrifuged for 5 min at 4000 rpm. Then, the supernatant part was filtered by a 0.45 μm filter, and 2.5 mL of the solution was diluted in a 1:5 ratio with double distilled water. For the determination of analytical conditions, an appropriate amount of BSC (A) was added to the urine sample (0.2 ml), and subsequently mixed with a specific amount of pyridine (B). Then, the pH of the solution was adjusted in the defined value (E). After the incubation period (D) and the formation of a yellow-colored complex, an appropriate amount of methanol (C) was added to stop the reaction. The absorbance of the colored solution was recorded at the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) at 410 nm using a spectrophotometer (Carry 60 UV–vis spectrophotometer- Agilent, USA). A color chart for the quantification of HA acid was plotted using standard samples containing 6.0–100 mg L−1 HA. Figure 1 shows the urine samples containing different concentrations of HA.![]()
The urine samples containing different concentrations of HA (6.0–100 mg L−1).
3
Synthesis and Characterization of CoA Esters
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Synthesis of CoA esters was performed as described (63 (link)) unless specified otherwise. β-Methylmalyl-CoA was synthesized from propionyl-CoA and a 12-fold molar excess of glyoxylate (in buffer: 100 mM MOPS/KOH pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2) using heterologously expressed and purified Rhodobacter sphaeroides Mcl-1 (accession number ACI22682 ) as catalyst. The resulting esters were purified via preparative HPLC-MS with a 1260 Infinity II LC System (Agilent, USA) in combination with a 6130 Single Quadrupole LC/MS (Agilent, USA). Lyophilized CoA esters were stored at −80°C and dissolved in ddH2O before use. The concentrations of the respective CoA esters were determined photometrically using a Carry 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent, USA) and calculated from the absorbance at 260 nm using defined extinction coefficients (22,300 M−1 cm−1 for α-β-unsaturated fatty acid CoA thioesters and 16,400 M−1 cm−1 for saturated ones). The amount of free sulfhydryl groups (indicating free CoA) present in the samples was quantified by treatment with Ellman’s reagent (DNTB) in EDTA-HEPES/KOH buffer (15 mM EDTA, 200 mM HEPES-KOH pH 7.8) and subsequent measurement of the absorbance at 412 nm (extinction coefficient: 14,000 M−1 cm−1).
4
Physicochemical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
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The UV–Vis absorbance measurements were done using a Carry 60 UV–vis spectrophotometer (Agilent, USA) by a quartz cuvette (10 mm). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed by the XRD Bruker D8 Advance powder diffractometer (Bruker, Germany) by applying the reflection mode with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectra were collected at room temperature using a “Spectrum RXI” Perkin-Elmer FT-IR spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, USA) after tableting the AgNPs powder. The distribution of size and volume of NPs were also determined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) using HORIBA SZ-100 nanoparticle analyzer (HORIBA, Japan).
The morphology of the particles was investigated using the Transmission Electron Microscopic examination (TEM). For this study, colloidal AgNPs were sonicated and a thin film was formed on the carbon coated grid Cu Mesh 300. TEM measurements were done using a Zeiss–EM10C microscope (Zeiss, Germany) operated at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The pH adjustment during synthesis was performed using a Metrohm 827 pH-meter equipped with a combined glass electrode (Metrohm, Switzer-land).
The morphology of the particles was investigated using the Transmission Electron Microscopic examination (TEM). For this study, colloidal AgNPs were sonicated and a thin film was formed on the carbon coated grid Cu Mesh 300. TEM measurements were done using a Zeiss–EM10C microscope (Zeiss, Germany) operated at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The pH adjustment during synthesis was performed using a Metrohm 827 pH-meter equipped with a combined glass electrode (Metrohm, Switzer-land).
5
Pesticide Binding Interactions with Serum Proteins
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UV/Vis measurements were performed on a Carry 60 UV—Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in a 1.0 cm quartz cuvette at room temperature. Concentrations of HSA and BSA (2 × 10−6 mol/L, 2.5 mL) were fixed while the pesticide concentrations were varied from 2 × 10−6 mol/L to 32 × 10−6 mol/L (to give a final volume 80 µL). Equal concentrations of EPX and PTC were added to the reference cell simultaneously. The UV/Vis spectra were collected in the range 200 to 350 nm.
6
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Ficus thonningii
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F. thonningii is a multi‐stemmed, evergreen or briefly deciduous tree with a dense, rounded to spreading crown, which belongs to the Moraceae family. It is commonly found well distributed in upland forests, open grasslands, riverine and rocky areas [9 (link)]. It grows well on a variety of soils but prefer light, dried and well‐drained soils with neutral reaction to acid. It is also found in the savannahs. Normally, it is propagated by cutting and seed dispersal by birds and animals.
Solvents as hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol were all GPR grade and hence distilled before use for extraction. All the other chemicals utilised for biochemical assays were of Analytical Grade and hence used as obtained without further processing. The chemicals were all sourced from Sigma Aldrich Company through their local agents Kobian Laboratory supplies of Nairobi, Kenya.
The instruments used included a Carry 60 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer by Agilent (USA); JASCO 4700 ATR‐ FT/IR (Japan); REMI Microcentrifuge, RM‐12C (China); Vega 3 TESCAN Scanning Electron Microscope (Czech Republic); Malvern Zeta‐sizer Nano series (Worcestershire, U.K); and Willey Mill (India).
S. aureus (ATCC 25922), S. pyogenes (ATCC 27853) and E. coli (ATCC 25921) were acquired from Laboquip Laboratory supplies, Nairobi Kenya.
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F. thonningii is a multi‐stemmed, evergreen or briefly deciduous tree with a dense, rounded to spreading crown, which belongs to the Moraceae family. It is commonly found well distributed in upland forests, open grasslands, riverine and rocky areas [9 (link)]. It grows well on a variety of soils but prefer light, dried and well‐drained soils with neutral reaction to acid. It is also found in the savannahs. Normally, it is propagated by cutting and seed dispersal by birds and animals.
Solvents as hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol were all GPR grade and hence distilled before use for extraction. All the other chemicals utilised for biochemical assays were of Analytical Grade and hence used as obtained without further processing. The chemicals were all sourced from Sigma Aldrich Company through their local agents Kobian Laboratory supplies of Nairobi, Kenya.
The instruments used included a Carry 60 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer by Agilent (USA); JASCO 4700 ATR‐ FT/IR (Japan); REMI Microcentrifuge, RM‐12C (China); Vega 3 TESCAN Scanning Electron Microscope (Czech Republic); Malvern Zeta‐sizer Nano series (Worcestershire, U.K); and Willey Mill (India).
S. aureus (ATCC 25922), S. pyogenes (ATCC 27853) and E. coli (ATCC 25921) were acquired from Laboquip Laboratory supplies, Nairobi Kenya.
7
Spectrophotometric pKa Determination
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The negative decimal logarithms of the dissociation constants (pKa) of prepared compounds were determined spectrophotometrically using buffers of given pH (range from 4.5 to 10.0 with 0.5 unit increment). Ten microliters of tested oxime (1 mg/mL) were dissolved in 490 µL of particular buffer and absorbance spectra of various dissociation states were scanned in range 200–400 nm using Carry-60 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) at 20 °C. The pKa values were calculated from the sigmoidal dependence of the absorbance of the dissociated form of the substance on the pH value using GraphPad Prism 8.2 software (San Diego, USA).
8
Laccase Activity Assay Using ABTS
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Unless otherwise stated, the laccase activity was determined at 65 °C in McIlvaine buffer [89 ], pH 4.5, containing 1.0 mmol·L−1 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS, Sigma-Aldrich Chem. Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) as substrate in a final volume of 1.0 mL. The reactions were initiated by the addition of the enzyme to the reaction medium and the oxidation of ABTS to ABTS+ (ɛ420, pH 4.5 = 3.6 × 104 mol·L−1·cm−1) was monitored continuously under magnetic stirring for 1 min at 420 nm in a Carry 60 UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with thermostated cell holders. The experimental conditions (reaction times, enzymatic units) employed in all activity measurements were adjusted to guarantee the estimation of initial velocities, and controls without added enzyme were included in each experiment to quantify the non-enzymatic oxidation of the substrate. One enzyme unit was defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1 µmol ABTS per min. The specific activity was defined as units per milligram total protein. All enzymatic assays were carried out in duplicate.
9
Comprehensive Materials Characterization Protocol
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The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were collected using Empyrean-100 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) at 293 K. The data were collected at 5°–40° range and scan speed is 5.0 degree per min. A Bruker TENSOR27 spectrometer was applied to measure FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectra (as KBr pressed pellets) in the 4000–400 cm−1 range. The surface morphology of the powder was observed using a JSN-7800F scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 1.0 kV. Diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectra were obtained using Agilent Technologies Carry 60 UV-vis spectrophotometer. For the luminescence measurements, a laser source at 405 nm was employed. The luminescence signals were collected and directed into a fiber integrated spectrograph with spectra resolution < 1.0 nm. The fluorescence lifetime measurement setup used in this study was based on the time-correlated single photon counting technology (TCSPC). The excitation beam was picosecond pulse diode laser with 405 nm output wavelength. The optical detector was single photon counting module.
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