Angptl3

The quantification of analytes including lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were detailed previously.^{29 (link)} VLDL-apoB-100 from the TRL fraction was measured using an ELISA kit (Mabtech, Nacka, Sweden). Plasma apoB-48 levels were measured with an enzyme immunoassay kit (Shibayagi, Shibukawa, Japan). Fasting plasma HL (hepatic lipase; MyBioSource, San Diego, CA), LPL (Cusabio, Wuhan, China), and ANGPTL3 (R&D Systems) levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay kits. Postprandial metabolism was quantified by calculating the incremental AUC for plasma triglycerides, VLDL-apoB-100, and apoB-48 (0–10 h), using the trapezium rule. The incremental AUC was estimated as the difference between the area defined below the baseline concentration and the area under the plasma curve between hours 0 and 10. These measures provide an integrated estimate of the total dynamic response of TRL particles to a fat load.^{33 (link)} Total AUC reflects exposure and potential impact of accumulation of TRLs on the artery and hence atherosclerotic CVD. By contrast, the incremental AUC reflects the acute change in TRLs after a fat load. Total AUC under TRL response curve has been shown to be a better predictor than fasting concentration or incremental AUC in predicting cardiovascular events.^{34 (link)}