The biopolymers used were maize starch from Meelunie B.V. (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), chitosan from Coyote Foods, Biopolymer and Biotechnology (Saltillo, Mexico), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) (Mw 146,000–186,000, and 99% hydrolyzed) from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Glycerol (J.T. Baker, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico), poly(ethylene glycol) (average Mn 300), and d -sorbitol from Sigma (Germany and France, respectively) were used as plasticizers. Glacial acetic acid was obtained from Productos Quimicos Monterrey S.A. (Monterrey, Mexico). Sodium bromide (NaBr) and barium chloride (BaCl2) from Jalmek Cientifica (Monterrey, Mexico) were used to prepare supersaturated saline solutions of 54% and 90% relative humidity (RH), respectively.
Poly vinyl alcohol pvoh
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Mexico, United States, Portugal
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer. It is a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic material. PVOH is commonly used in laboratory settings as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and thickening agent for various applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
5 protocols using poly vinyl alcohol pvoh
1
Biopolymer-based Packaging Materials
2
Characterization of Sodium-Exchanged Montmorillonite
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Sodium exchanged montmorillonite (NaMt) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich and produced by Nanocor Inc. (2870 Forbs Avenue, Hoffman Estates, Chicago, IL, USA). The code name of this material was Nanomer® PGV and its mass density was 2.6 g/cm3. The CEC value was 145 meq/100 g, and its chemical composition was 19.6% Al2O3, 62.9% SiO2, 3.05% MgO, 3.35% Fe2O3, 1.68% CaO, and 1.53% Na2O. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was purchased by Sigma-Aldrich. This chemical exhibit a low molecular weight (13.000−23.000). Furthermore, its hydrolysis degree was around 87−89%. Finally, reagents such as 37% ACS hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0), silver nitrate (7761-88-8), and titanium tetrachloride (7550-45-0) were also supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.
3
Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel
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Acros-Organics company was the supplier of Chitosan (CS) with a molecular weight of 100,000–300,000 (Zeel West Zone 2, Janssen Pharmaceuticalan 3a, B2440, Geel, Belgium). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) (low molecular weight i.e., 13,000–23,000, hydrolysis degree 87–89%) was purchased by SIGMA-ALDRICH (Co., 3050 Spruce Street, St. Louis, MO, USA, 314-771-5765). Nanocor Inc. was provided the powder nanoclay (2870 Forbs Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA). Montmorillonite which contained 1.53% halloysite nanotubes (Al2Si2O5(OH)4∙2H2O, 99.5% clay, 1.68% CaO, 3.35% Fe2O3, 62.9% SiO2, 19.6% Al2O3, and 3.05% MgO) was obtained by Sigma-Aldrich (product 685445, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The used Thyme Oil (TO) was produced by the Chemco company (Via Achille Grandi, 13–13/A, 42030 Vezzanosul, Crostolo, Italy).
4
Bacteriophage-based Antimicrobial Formulation
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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) 98% -99% hydrolyzed with a molecular weight (M w ) 31,000-50,000 and the gelatine (G9391, Type Bbovine skin) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Portugal), Polyhydroxybutyrate/ Polyhydroxyvalerate 8% -Biopolymer (PHBV) films was purchased from Goodfellow Cambridge Limited (Huntingdon, England).
Tris base was purchased from Fluka (Portugal), sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4. 7H 2 O) were obtained from Panreac Applichem (Spain).
Bacteriophage Felix O1 was kindly provided by Micreos (Netherlands), and Hospital de Braga provided the S. Enteritidis (H40499 SDE) used in this work.
Tris base was purchased from Fluka (Portugal), sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4. 7H 2 O) were obtained from Panreac Applichem (Spain).
Bacteriophage Felix O1 was kindly provided by Micreos (Netherlands), and Hospital de Braga provided the S. Enteritidis (H40499 SDE) used in this work.
5
Upconversion Mechanism Protocols
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Materials. All reagents and solvents were used as received unless otherwise noted. Pt(II) octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, M w = 31 000-50 000 g mol -1 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A ligand 4,4′-(anthracene-9,10-diyl) dibenzoic acid Scheme for the UC mechanism based on triplet energy migration (TEM). Excitation (green arrow) of donor molecules is followed by a sequence of TTET, TEM in the acceptor arrays, TTA between the excited acceptors, and higher energy UC emission (blue arrow). (c) Scheme for the UC mechanism based on triplet energy migration, annihilation, and upconverted singlet energy collection (TEM-UPCON). Yellow boxes marked C represent upconverted energy collector molecules. Similar to TEM-UC, the TTA takes place in the acceptor arrays. The resulting singlet energy migrates and reaches the energy collector that finally produces UC emission.
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