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8 protocols using mdma d5

1

Characterization of Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Research chemical samples containing 5-PPDi, 4-CPrC, 4-CEC and 3-FEA were kindly provided by Energy Control (Asociación Bienestar y Desarrollo, Barcelona, Spain), and compound purity was tested by nuclear magnetic resonance. MDMA-d5 (used as internal standard) was purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Diclofenac was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Reagents used in the incubation (0.4% trypan blue solution, fetal bovine serum, Leibovitz’s L-15 medium, Gibco cryopreserved hepatocyte recovery medium), solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, ultrapure water), formic acid (LC‒MS grade) as well as mass calibration solutions (Pierce® LTQ Velos ESI positive Ion calibration solution, Pierce™ ESI negative ion calibration solution) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK). The pHH were purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland), and stored in liquid nitrogen until use.
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Illicit Drugs

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Benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA, as well as the deuterated compounds that were used as internal standards, MDMA-d5 (0.1 mg/mL), methamphetamine-d5, amphetamine-d5 and benzoylecgonine-d3, were supplied by Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA) in the form of 1 mg/mL solution in methanol or acetonitrile. Working solutions were prepared in methanol. LC-MS grade methanol, LC-MS grade formic acid (98 %) and hydrochloric acid (35 %) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonium hydroxide (25 %) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinhem, Germany), while the ultrapure water used was from a Milli-Q system (Millipore). Nitrogen (99.9995 % purity) for sample drying was supplied by Linde Ltd. (Cyprus). Oasis MCX SPE cartridges (60 mg, 3 cc) were purchased from Waters Corporation (Milford, MA, USA).
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3

Comprehensive Illicit Drug Analysis

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All reference standards were obtained as certified solutions in methanol from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The studied illicit drugs and some of their studied metabolites were COT, MOR, MC, COD, AM, MA, MDA, BZE, NK, 6-MAM, MDMA, KET, and COC. Deuterated compounds COT-D3, MOR-D3, MC-D3, COD-D6, AM-D5, MA-D5, MDA-D5, BZE-D3, NK-D4, 6-MAM-D3, MDMA-D5, KET-D4, and COC-D3 used as isotope-labeled internal standards (IS) were also purchased from Cerilliant as 100 μg/mL solutions in methanol.
Mixed stock solutions were prepared with methanol at concentrations of 500 and 2500 ng/mL. Working standard solutions were prepared by appropriately diluting mixed stock solutions in methanol to different concentrations. All stock and working solutions were stored in the dark at −20 °C.
HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were purchased from Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). Formic acid (HCOOH) was obtained from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4⋅2H2O) were acquired from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Nanjing Miaozhiyi Electronic Technology, Nanjing, China).
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4

Certified Reference Materials for Drugs of Abuse

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Certified reference materials of AMP, METH, MDMA, COC and BE as well as their corresponding isotope-labelled analogues AMP-d6, METH-d5, MDMA-d5, COC-d3 and BE-d3 were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). All standards were acquired as solutions in methanol or acetonitrile.
Methanol (MeOH) HPLC, acetonitrile (ACN) HPLC, ammonium acetate and formic acid for LC-MS were acquired from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water was obtained by purifying demineralised water (H2O) in a Milli-Q plus system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Oasis HLB cartridges (3 cm3, 60 mg) were from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).
Standard stock solutions of each non-labelled compound were prepared at 100 mg L−1 in MeOH or ACN. Stock solutions were used to prepare intermediate 10 mg L−1 solutions in MeOH or ACN and mixed to a 1 mg L−1 working solution in MeOH by diluting with the appropriate solvents. Individual stock solutions of isotope-labelled compounds were prepared in MeOH or ACN at 10 mg L−1. A surrogate mixed standard solution at 100 μg L−1 was prepared by volumetric dilution in MeOH/H2O 1:9 v/v.
All standard solutions were stored in amber glass bottles at −20 °C.
Each working day, final calibration curves using mixed standards and surrogates were prepared by subsequent dilutions in MeOH/H2O 1:9.
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5

MDMA and MDA Quantification in Biological Samples

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Pure MDMA, MDA and deuterated internal standards (MDMA-D5 and MDA-D5) were purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX, USA). Working solutions at concentrations of 0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L were prepared in methanol and stored at -20ºC.
Methanol (gradient grade), HCl 37%, KH2PO4, dichloromethane, 2-propanol and NH4 + were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The derivatization reagent [MBTFA: N-Methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide)] was purchased from Macherey-Nagel (Duran, Germany).
OASIS ® MCX columns were purchased from WATERS TM (Milford, MA, USA). The analytical apparatus included an Agilent 6890 GC, coupled to an Agilent 5973n MS.
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6

Quantitative Analysis of N-Ethylnorpentylone

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N-Ethylnorpentylone reference material was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) and MDMA-d5, used as internal standard (IS), was purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Methanol and formic acid (98-100%) were purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Ammonium formate and tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and sodium tetraborate from LS Chemicals (Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil). Ultrapure deionized water was purified by a Milli-Q RG unit from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). All solvents employed in the sample extractions were HPLC grade. N-Ethylnorpentylone, pentylone and methylone used for monoamine transporter assays were obtained from Cayman Chemical. [3H]Norepinephrine (60 Ci/mmol) and [3H]methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([3H]MPP+; 80 Ci/mmol) were purchased from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA) while [3H]dopamine (28 Ci/mmol) and [3H]5-HT (38 Ci/mmol) were purchased from Perkin Elmer (Billerica, MA, USA). All other reagents used for monoamine transporter assays were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise indicated.
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7

Comprehensive Synthetic Cathinone Analysis

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The stock standard solutions of amphetamine (A), methamphetamine (MA), phenylpropanolamine (PHPR), ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (PSE), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), phentermine (PHRM), methylphenidate (MPHD), bupropion, hydroxybupropion, methcathinone (ephedrone), methedrone (PMMC), mephedrone (4-MMC), methylone (MDMC), ethylone (MDEC), 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (alpha-PVP) at a concentration of 1.0 mg mL -1 for each analyte in methanol were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, Texas, USA). Stock standard solutions of the internal standards (ISTDs), namely amphetamine-d11, methamphetamine-d11, ephedrine-d3, pseudoephedrine-d3, norpseudoephedrine-d3, MDA-d5, MDMA-d5, MDEA-d5, phentermine-d5, methylphenidate-d9, bupropion-d9, hydroxybupropion-d6, mephedrone-d3, and methylone-d3, were also purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA) at a concentration of 100 µg mL -1 in methanol.
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8

Sensitive Analysis of Illicit Drugs

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High-purity (>97 %) standard solutions of the target compounds (METH, AMP, MDMA, MDA, KET, NK, COC, BE, Mor, Cod, MTD, EDDP, and 6-AM) and their deuterated analogues (METH-d8, AMP-d8, MDMA-d5, MDA-d5, KET-d4, NK-d4, COC-d3, BE-d3, Mor-d3, Cod-d6, MTD-d9, EDDP-d3, and 6-AM-d6) used as internal standards (purity >98 %) were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Individual stock solutions were prepared by diluting each analyte solution with acetonitrile (AcN) (HPLC grade, Fisher Science). Working standard mixtures were prepared at different concentrations by the appropriate dilution of the individual stock solutions with AcN. All of the stock and working standard solutions were stored in the dark at -20 °C. Highpurity water was prepared with a Milli-Q system (Millipore, MA, USA). Oasis MCX (60 mg, 3 mL) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were purchased from Waters Corporation (Milford, MA, USA). A CNW™ SPE vacuum manifold (CNW Technologies GmbH) was used for the SPE clean-up processes. Ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Regent Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Ammonium acetate (HPLC grade) was obtained from CNW Technologies GmbH (Düsseldorf, Germany).
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