The following odors and agonists were used: pentyl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. 109584, 99%), butyl acetate (Fluka, Cat. Nr. 45860, ≥99.5% (GC), ACS Reagent), methyl hexanoate (Fluka, Cat. Nr. 21599, 99.8%, analytical standard grade), propyl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. 133108, 99%; Fluka, Cat. Nr. 40858, ≥99%, analytical standard grade), 3-methylthio-1-propanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. 318396, 98%; Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. W341509, ≥98% synthetic, FG grade), hexyl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. 108154, 99%), isobutyl acetate (Fluka, Cat. Nr. 94823, 99.8%, analytical standard grade), 2-heptanone (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. W254401, 98% synthetic, FG grade), 3-octanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. 218405, 99%), (±)-geosmin (Sigma-Adrich, Cat. Nr. UC18, ≥98% [GC]), VUAA1 (CAS Nr. 525582-84-7) was synthesized by the group “Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics” of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (Jena, Germany). Stimuli stocks consisted of 100 mM solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. Nr. D8418); working solutions were prepared fresh diluting 100 mM stocks in SES to the desired concentration just before the start of the experiment. Negative controls consisted of the equivalent maximum volume of DMSO used to prepare odor stimuli solutions diluted in SES.
Propyl acetate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in China
Propyl acetate is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet, fruity odor. It is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
1 propanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ethyl hexanoate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
1 hexanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
1 butanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Linalool, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hexyl hexanoate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethyl butyrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Isoamyl acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Benzyl alcohol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Benzaldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Octanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethyl octanoate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Heptanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hexanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 octanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Butyl acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nonanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Citronellol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethyl heptanoate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
10 protocols using propyl acetate
1
Odorants and Agonists for Receptor Studies
2
Quantitative Metabolite Profiling
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Methyl chloroformate (MCF), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), sodium hydroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, pyridine, 1-propanol, propyl-acetate, N-acetyl-l -aspartic acid (NAA), N-acetyl-l -cysteine (NAC), essential free fatty acid and globulin free bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium acetate, sodium U-13C-acetate, and sodium 2H3-acetate, all of analytical grade, were from Sigma-Aldrich.
3
Comprehensive Analysis of Aroma Compounds
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The study used n-Alkane (C7-C30) standards and the available authentic standards, including ethyl acetate (≥99.5%), propyl acetate (≥99.5%), butyl acetate (99.7%), ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl hexanoate (≥99%), ethyl heptanoate (≥99%), ethyl octanoate (≥99%), ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (≥ 98%), hexyl hexanoate (≥ 98%), hexanal (≥95%), (Z)-3-hexenal (50% in triacetin), (E)-2-hexenal (≥97%), nonanal (≥99.5%), benzaldehyde (≥99.5%), (E)-2-decenal (≥95%), citral (≥95%), 1-butanol (≥99.4%), 1-hexanol (≥99.9%), (E)-2-hexenol (96%), 1-octen-3-ol (≥98%), 1-heptanol (≥99.5%), 2-ethylhexanol (≥99%), 1-octanol (≥99%), 2-octen-1-ol (97%), (Z)-5-octen-1-ol (≥97%), (E)-5-decen-1-ol (≥97%), phenylethyl alcohol (≥99%), cinnamyl alcohol (≥96%), acetic acid (≥99.7%), hexanoic acid (≥98%), heptanoic acid (≥99%), octanoic acid (99%), nonanoic acid (≥99.5%), limonene (mixture of D- and L-form at ratio of 1:1, ≥95%), linalool (≥99%), citronellol (≥95%), nerol (≥97%), geraniol (≥98.5%), 2-octanone (≥99.5%), acetophenone (≥99.5%), 2-pentylfuran (≥97%), 2-octanol (≥97%), and sodium chloride (NaCl, ≥99%) which were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Geranic acid (sum of isomers, 98%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar Corporation (Tianjin, China). Ultrapure water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA) with a 0.22 μm filter.
4
Volatile Ester Compound Isolation
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Ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylpropionate, propyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 3-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl valerate, butyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl butyrate, propyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl lactate, 3-methylbutyl hexanoate, propyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, hexyl hexanoate, ethyl 2-furoate, ethyl caprate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl laurate, ethyl 3-phenylpropanoate, ethyl tetradecanoate, ethyl pentadecanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, and linoleic acid ethyl ester were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). The internal standard (IS) was 2-octanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China). The linear retention index (RI) was determined with a C7–C30 n-alkane mixture (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China). All of the reagents used were of analytical grade with a purity of at least 97%, and most with a purity exceeding 99%. A Milli-Q purification system provided pure water (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Sodium chloride (analytical grade) and absolute ethanol (analytical grade) were obtained from Sino-pharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).
5
Analytical Standards for Metabolomics
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The organic acid standards (L-tartaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, etc.), as well as polyphenol standards (protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzonic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, (-)-epicatechin gallate, isoferulic acid, etc.), were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Water was purified using a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
Isoamyl ethanoate, benzylcarbinyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, hexyl acetate β-damascenone, naphthalene, cinnamene, linalool, citronellol, d-limonene, α-terpineol, nerol oxide, ethyl dodecylate, ethyl heptoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl propanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl n-valerate, etc., were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). The internal standard of 4-methyl-1-pentanol was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The calculation of retention indices (RIs) was used with n-alkanes (C8-C40) purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
Isoamyl ethanoate, benzylcarbinyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, hexyl acetate β-damascenone, naphthalene, cinnamene, linalool, citronellol, d-limonene, α-terpineol, nerol oxide, ethyl dodecylate, ethyl heptoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl propanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl n-valerate, etc., were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). The internal standard of 4-methyl-1-pentanol was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The calculation of retention indices (RIs) was used with n-alkanes (C8-C40) purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of PLGA Polymers
7
Comprehensive Commercial Standards for Analysis
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A total of 66 commercial standards (analytical reagent grade, ≥97% purity) were used. Ethyl acetate, acetic acid, Ethyl lactate, 1-propanol, acetal, acetaldehyde, 3-methyl butanol, furfural, ethyl palmitate, isobutanol, methanol, 3-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, meso-2,3-butanediol, butyrate, 1-butanol, (2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-butanediol, 2-butanol, hexanoic acid, ethyl hexanoate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethyl isovalerate, furfuryl alcohol, isobutyric acid, hexyl hexanoate, ethyl valerate, 1-hexanol, propionic acid, acetone, ethyl laurate, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, isoamyl acetate, 2-butanone, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl phenylacetate, nonanoic acid, propyl acetate, isobutyraldehyde, ethyl octanoate, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methylbutane, ethyl linoleate, valeric acid, ethyl oleate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl formate, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl hexadecenoate, 1-pentanol, ethyl tetradecanoate, diethyloxymethane, 2-pentanone, 2-methyl butanol, isovaleric acid, ethyl nonanoate, 2-pentanol, 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane, benzaldehyde, ethyl decanoate, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethoxy-5-methylfuran, 1-propanal, butyl hexanoate, ethyl phenylpropionate, and benzyl alcohol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China).
8
Characterization of Hungarian Jonathan Apple
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Apples (Malus domestica ‘Jonathan’, Csány 1) were collected beside the city of Székesfehérvár, located in central Hungary, in September 2019, and were transported to the laboratory for subsequent analysis. The Jonathan apple is a classic American variety, medium-sized apple, and widely regarded as one of the best flavored, with a good sweet/sharp balance. The Viniflora ConcertoTM (L. thermotolerans) and MelodyTM (mixed culture of T. delbrueckii, L. thermotolerans, and S. cerevisiae) starter cultures were obtained from Chr. Hansen A/S (Hoersholm, Denmark), while the BiodivaTM Level 2 (Torulaspora delbrueckii TD291) and Uvaferm 228 (S. cerevisiae) of Lallemand Inc. (Montréal, QC, Canada) dry yeasts were purchased from Kokoferm Ltd. (Gyöngyös, Hungary). Standards (glucose, fructose, saccharose, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetaldehyde, methanol, isoamyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-2-hexen-1-ol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl formate, linalool), and all chemicals of analytical grade were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
9
Flavor Compound Identification and Quantification
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Acetone, trimethylamine, 1-propanol, dimethyl sulfide, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-penten-3-ol, (z)-2-penten-1-ol, 3-pentanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 3-pentanol, phenol, methyl-pyrazine, 2-ethyl-furan, 2-furanmethanol, propyl acetate, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, 2,3-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, 1heptanol, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, phenylethyl alcohol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Mequinol, 2, 2, acetic acid, propanoic acid, acetoin, styrene, China) . The purity of these flavor standards was more than 99%. The n-alkanes (C6 to C30) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). The isotope internal standards (n-nonan-d20, n-dodecane-d26, n-nonadecane-d40, n-tridecane-d28, n-hexadecane-d34) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.
10
Flavor-Nutrient Conditioning in Mice
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