Curcuma longa dried rhizomes were purchased from a local herbalist from which the Curcumin was extracted. Absolute Ethanol, Span® 60, and HPMC E50 were supplied by Loba-Chemie, Mumbai, India. Tween® 80 was supplied by MP Biomedicals, USA. All the other stuff was analytical grade and used what they were given. Curcumin Standard; 500 mg, Sigma Aldrich C7727.
Standard curcumin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Standard curcumin is a laboratory reagent used in various applications. It is a naturally occurring polyphenol compound derived from the turmeric plant. The core function of standard curcumin is to serve as a standard reference material for the identification and quantification of curcumin in analytical procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Span 60, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by MP Biomedicals (1 mentions)
Naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium molibdate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfanilamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterated water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N ethylmaleimide nem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutathione (gsh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Propranolol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Propylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methyl tert butyl ether (mtbe), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Internal standard, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kolliphor el, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using standard curcumin
1
Curcumin Extraction from Turmeric Rhizomes
2
Curcumin Extraction and Antioxidant Evaluation
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Rhizomes from C. longa were acquired in ripe state from producers from different places in Costa Rica, namely four in the Northern region (NR-1, NR-2, NR-3, NR-4), four from the Northeastern region (NE-1, NE-2, NE-3, NE-4), three from the Northwestern region (NW-1, NW-2, NW-3) and one from the Western region (WR-1). Solvents of ACS or HPLC grade, for instance methanol, acetonitrile and acetone were acquired from Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA). Reagents such as curcumin standard, sodium molibdate, gallic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH), gallic acid, and sodium tungstate sodium nitroprusside (SNP), naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride, sodium nitrite and sulfanilamide, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Enhancing Curcumin Solubility through Solid Dispersion
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A curcumin standard with a purity > 95.6% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
We used a solid dispersion technique to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of curcumin [24 (link)]. Briefly, the process of making formulated curcumin included dispersing curcumin powder into a solid dispersion solution and spraying it onto sugar spheres. Tumeric extract powder contained 95% curcumin in 80 g (as the active drug). The excipients used in the preparation process of solid dispersion curcumin were Polyvinylpyrrolidone #k30 800 g (PVP K30, as the non-volatile polymer solvent for curcumin) and alcohol 3200 g (as the volatile solvent for curcumin). The turmeric extract powder was mixed with the excipients. The drug-polymer interaction evenly dispersed curcumin in the solvent. Next, the solvent containing solid dispersion curcumin was loaded onto sugar spheres by spray-drying to make solid dispersion pellets; the solvent evaporated during fluid-bed granulation (Figure 1 ).
We used a solid dispersion technique to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of curcumin [24 (link)]. Briefly, the process of making formulated curcumin included dispersing curcumin powder into a solid dispersion solution and spraying it onto sugar spheres. Tumeric extract powder contained 95% curcumin in 80 g (as the active drug). The excipients used in the preparation process of solid dispersion curcumin were Polyvinylpyrrolidone #k30 800 g (PVP K30, as the non-volatile polymer solvent for curcumin) and alcohol 3200 g (as the volatile solvent for curcumin). The turmeric extract powder was mixed with the excipients. The drug-polymer interaction evenly dispersed curcumin in the solvent. Next, the solvent containing solid dispersion curcumin was loaded onto sugar spheres by spray-drying to make solid dispersion pellets; the solvent evaporated during fluid-bed granulation (
4
Quantitation of Curcuminoids in Turmeric
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Curcumin standard, methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, deuterated water, methanol, glutathione (GSH), sulphosalicylic acid (SSA), γ-glutamyl-glutamic acid (γ-Glu-Glu), ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA), and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Curcumin glucuronide was synthesized in our laboratory using a previously published protocol [22] . C. longa Linn. dried extract was purchased from a local market; the total curcuminoid content was measured as previously described [21, 23] as 94%; specifically, 71.0%, curcumin, 20.5% demethoxycurcumin, and 2.5% bisdemethoxycurcumin were determined using HPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD measurements [21] .
5
Curcumin Formulation for Topical Use
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All reagents used in this study were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. The curcumin used to make the preparations was curcumin 97% (Cur) purchased from Xi'an Natural Field Bio-Tech China, and Standard curcumin (99%) purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The materials for the vehicle are palm oil (Asian Chemical), MCT coconut oil (PT. Okusi Biotech), egg lecithin (GMBH, Germany), sodium oleate (GMBH, Germany), glycerin (Brataco), and other materials such as ethanol 96%, N2 gas, ketorolac tromethamine, NaCl 0.9%, double distilled water (Ikapharmindo), methanol (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), acetic acid glacial (HPLC grade), and 1 ml injection syringe purchased from a local pharmaceutical store.
6
Curcumin Intestinal Permeability Assay
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Curcumin (PT. Plamed Green Science Limited, Shaanxi, China; total curcuminoid content, 95%), CMC-Na, sodium tripolyphosphate (Brataco, Bekasi, Indonesia), standard curcumin, chitosan, Kolliphor EL, glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, propylene glycol, tween 80, glycerin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, pieces of intestinal tissue, 0.9% NaCl (PT. Widatra Bhakti, Indonesia), propranolol (internal standard), methyl tert-butyl ether/MTBE, 0.1% formic acid, acetonitrile, methanol were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Curcumin (PT. Plamed Green Science Limited, Shaanxi, China; total curcuminoid content, 95%), CMC-Na, sodium tripolyphosphate (Brataco, Bekasi, Indonesia), standard curcumin, chitosan, Kolliphor EL, glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, propylene glycol, tween 80, glycerin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, pieces of intestinal tissue, 0.9% NaCl (PT. Widatra Bhakti, Indonesia), propranolol (internal standard), methyl tert-butyl ether/MTBE, 0.1% formic acid, acetonitrile, methanol were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.
7
Curcumin and THC Analytical Characterization
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Curcumin (98%) and THC (90%) (analyzed using high- performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]) were gift samples obtained from Ashian Herbex Ltd (Hyderabad, India). Standard curcumin (catalog number 1151855) and THC (catalog number SM1300370) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Corp (St Louis, MO, USA). Glucosyl-THC was synthesized as reported in our earlier studies.32 All the chemicals and solvents used in the study were of analytical grade and purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).
8
Curcumin Extraction from Turmeric Roots
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Fresh roots of Curcuma longa was collected from Herbal Garden, Ethno Veterinary Herbal Product Research and Development Centre, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Orathanadu, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu. The roots were cleaned, shade-dried and powdered for further analysis.
Preparation of methanolic extract 25g of the powdered sample was extracted with 125ml of methanol for 6 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus (Uma et al., 2009). The extracts were subjected to Rotary evaporator to allow the solvent to evaporate completely. Standard curcumin was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). All the solvents used in the study were of HPLC grade.
Preparation of methanolic extract 25g of the powdered sample was extracted with 125ml of methanol for 6 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus (Uma et al., 2009). The extracts were subjected to Rotary evaporator to allow the solvent to evaporate completely. Standard curcumin was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). All the solvents used in the study were of HPLC grade.
9
Curcumin Quantification by HPLC
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The HPLC analysis was carried at Neogen Food and Animal Security (India) Private limited Ltd, Ernakulam. The HPLC analysis was performed using model Agilent 1260 with the UV detector. A CAPCELL (C-18) HPLC packed column (4.6mm I.D. x250mm), type MG 5µm number AKAD/05245 was used for chromatographic separations. The mobile phase consist of acetonitrile and a buffer 0.05M KH 2 PO 4 in the ratio 60:40 .The pH is 7. The separation was performed using isocratic elution (0-10 min) with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and the column temperature is 30 0 C.Tge injection volume was 20µl. UV detection was carried out at 424nm. Standard curcumin was obtained from sigma chemicals Germany. All other chemicals and reagents used were from E-Merck and of analytical grade.
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