The following substances and solvents were used in the study: procyanidins B1, B2, C1, A1, A2, A4, (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, quercetin, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside), avicularin (quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside), guaiaverin (quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside), rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinose), reynoutrin (quercetin-3-O-xyloside), kaempferol, nicotiflorin (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), afzelin (kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside), astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside), chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid), neochlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid), cryptochlorogenic acid (4-O-caffeoylquinic acid), p-coumaric acid, arbutin, hydroquinone, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, lupeol, erythrodiol, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, acetonitrile, acetone, and methanol, which were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside), procyanidin B3, uvaol, friedelin, 6″-O-acetylisoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-(6″-acetylglucoside)), betulin, and betulinic and corosolic acids from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); ursolic acid from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany); and trifluoroacetic acid from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All used chemicals were of HPLC grade. Ultrapure water used in this study was prepared with Milli–Q® 180 (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system.
Maslinic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain
Maslinic acid is a naturally occurring triterpene compound. It is extracted from various plant sources. Maslinic acid serves as a chemical standard for analytical and research purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Oleanolic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
β amyrin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Ursolic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Corosolic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
α amyrin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
β sitosterol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Erythrodiol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Quercetin 3 rhamnoside, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Peonidin 3 arabinoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Malvidin 3 galactoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Malvidin 3 arabinoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Delphinidin 3 galactoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Carl Roth (3 mentions)
Myricetin 3 galactoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
21 protocols using maslinic acid
1
Analysis of Phytochemical Compounds from Various Sources
2
Maslinic Acid Cytotoxicity in Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Maslinic acid (>98% purity) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO; Cat No. M6699-5MG). Maslinic acid was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and further diluted in cell culture medium to the desired concentration. The compound was freshly prepared immediately before use. The human RCC cell lines ACHN and Caki-1, and the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line were obtained from ATCC. Another human metastatic RCC cell line, SN12K1, was obtained from Professor D. Nicol, formerly at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, through his collaborations with Dr I. J. Fidler, Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL. Primary cultures of morphologically normal human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were isolated and maintained as per our previous publication (27 (link)). The RCC cell lines were maintained as a monolayer in DMEM/F12 (Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 50-U/ml penicillin and 50-µg/ml streptomycin, at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air.
3
Analytical Standards for Phytochemical Research
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Analytical grade solvents (acetone, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol) and HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Tedia (Fairfield, USA). Water was processed by Milli-Q filter (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, USA). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), dexamethasone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), Merck (USA), Hospira (Australia) and MP Biomedical Inc. (USA) respectively. Chemical standards for artemetin, casticin and vitexilactone were from ChemFaces (China), while α-amyrin, β-amyrin, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), campesterol, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, maslinic acid, phytol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were from Sigma-Aldrich (USA).
4
Neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y Cell Culture Protocol
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Human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell line was procured from ATCC® HTB-11™ (BCRC, Taiwan). Maslinic acid (98%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, United States). DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium, Sigma Aldrich) was used to preserve and maintain both types of cell lines. Incubation of the cells was performed in a humid atmosphere at 34 °C with 5% of carbon dioxide and 95% air. Media was placed with streptomycin (100 μg/mL), penicillin (100 U/mL), glutamine (2 mM), heat-inactivated 10% FBS (Fetal calf serum, Gibco), and HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) concentration of 20 mM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, United States). Media was replaced after each 48 h of time interval.
5
Identification of Polyphenol Compounds
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All the chemicals used in the experiments were of an analytical grade. Cyanidin chloride, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin chloride, peonidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin chloride, malvidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside (Extrasynthese, Genay, France), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Biochemistry, Buchs, Switzerland), quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), myricetin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-α-l -arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-α-l -arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, α-Amyrin, β-Amyrin, corosolic acid, and maslinic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) were used as standards for the identification of the compounds. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, and 4-(Dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ethanol 96% (v/v) was purchased from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania). Formic acid was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
6
Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants
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All solvents, reagents, and standards were of analytical reagent grade. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, 4-(Dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde and reference standarts for β-Amyrin, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, corosolic acid, ursolic acid, α-Amyrin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, myricetin, quercetin-3-α-L-arabinopyranoside and quercetin-3-α-L-arabinofuranoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ethanol 96% (v/v) was purchased from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania), formic acid was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was purchased from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain). Reference standards for myricetin-3-galactoside, cyanidin chloride, peonidin chloride, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, malvidin chloride, peonidin-3-arabinoside, cyaniding-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside and cyaniding-3-arabinoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Standards for quercetin and quercetin-3-galactoside were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). The standard for quercetin-3-O-glucoside was bought from Biochemistry (Buchs, Switzerland). Purified deionized water was provided using a water purification system (Milli-Q®, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
7
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis Protocol
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The specific compounds, were: Caffeic acid, CAPE, chrysin, luteolin, daidzein, suberic acid, apigenin, (Alfa Aesar), pinocembrin, isorhamnetin, isosakuranetin, vitexin, orientin, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, vanillin, ursolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, tangeretin, chrysoeriol, betulinic acid, eriodictyol, sakuranetin, naringenin, t-cinnamic acid, genistein, diosmetin, resveratrol, galangin, pinocembrin 7-methyl ether, techtochrysin, (Extrasynthese) rutin, isoferulic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, corosolic acid, acacetin, diosmin, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, hesperetin, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, (±)catechin, maslinic acid, (Sigma Aldrich), rhamnetin, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferide, adipic acid, pinostrobin, gallic acid, pinobanksin (Fluka), naringin, hesperidin, (Acros Organics) pinobanksin-3O-acetate (Interchim Inc), cinnamylidenacetic acid, artepillin C (Wako Chemicals). o-Orselllinaldehyde was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA).
Water, acetonitrile, mEthanol and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK and they were of LC-MS grade. Ethanol was purchased from Merck, Germany. PTFE filters (0.45 μm) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel, Germany.
Water, acetonitrile, mEthanol and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK and they were of LC-MS grade. Ethanol was purchased from Merck, Germany. PTFE filters (0.45 μm) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel, Germany.
8
Maslinic Acid: Autophagy Modulation
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Maslinic acid (2α, 3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, MA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA). The purity of MA is ≥98% (HPLC). MA was fully dissolved in 100% ethanol before use. Anti-LC3, anti-p62, anti-Bcl2, anti-Beclin1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). HRP-goat anti-rabbit conjugate and HRP-goat anti-mouse conjugate were purchased from Santa Cruz Technology Inc (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Glutathione Sepharose was purchased from GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA). Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate and Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate, cell culture media and serum were purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). Other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
9
Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
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The standards: asiatic acid (2α,23-dihydroxyursolic acid, 97% purity), arjunolic acid (2α,3β,4α)-2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, ≥95 purity), corosolic acid (2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, ≥98% purity), maslinic acid (2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, ≥98% purity), and (4α)-23-hydroxybetulinic acid ((3β,4α)-3,23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, ≥98% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain, Madrid). The standards: madecassic acid (≥90% purity), caulophyllogenin ((3β, 4α, 16α)-3,16,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, ≥98.5% purity), and hederagenin ((3β, 4α)-3,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, ≥98.5% purity) were purchased from Extrasynthese (France, Paris). The derivatization reagents (pyridine and N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)) and dichloromethane were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain).
10
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Natural Compounds
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All reagents, standards, and solvents were of analytical reagent grade. Ethanol 96% (v/v) was bought from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania). Solvents (acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile), reagents (hydrochloric acid and 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde), and reference standards (myricetin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-α-L-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-α-L-arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, corosolic acid, maslinic acid, α-amyrin, and ursolic acid) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was purchased from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain). Formic acid was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The standard for quercetin-3-glucoside was purchased from Biochemistry (Buchs, Switzerland). Standards for quercetin-3-galactoside and quercetin were bought from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Reference standards for peonidin chloride, cyanidin chloride, myricetin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin chloride, malvidin-3-arabinoside, cyaniding-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside peonidin-3-galactoside, and cyaniding-3-arabinoside were bought from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
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