Bs 430

After treatment, nude mice were killed by cervical dislocation, and tumors and major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) of the respective group were extracted, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin, staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and imaging with digital microscope (HAMAMATSU S210 microscope). After that, UTP notch end labeling (TUNEL) was used to dye the tumor tissue in order to better determine the tumor’s level of apoptosis. Tumors and major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) of the probe group were extracted and dissolved into aqua regia for 48h, and Pt²⁺ content was examined by ICP-AES for biological distribution study (Wang et al., 2019 (link)).
Biochemical analysis was conducted on 1.5 mL of blood from SD rats administrated with MnO₂/CDDP@PDA-Cy5.5NPs, and Saline treated rats were assigned into controls. To obtain serum, blood samples were centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 C. Subsequently, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr), and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured in the serum with an automatic biochemical analysis (BS-430, Mindray).

After a minimum 12-hours fast, venous blood was collected from participants. Biochemical indicators were measured using biochemical auto-analyzers (Mindray BS-430, Shenzhen, China). Moreover, a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (Mindray CL-2000i, Shenzhen, China) was used to measure the levels of estradiol and the fasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentration. vitamin D deficiency was deemed to exist at a 25(OH) D concentration < 20 ng/mL (50nmol/L), and 25(OH) D concentrations ≥ 20 ng/mL (50nmol/L) were regarded as non-vitamin D deficiency [26 (link)].

After a minimum 12-hours fast, venous blood was collected from participants. Biochemical indicators were measured using biochemical auto-analyzers (Mindray BS-430, Shenzhen, China). Moreover, a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (Mindray CL-2000i, Shenzhen, China) was used to measure the levels of estradiol and the fasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentration. vitamin D deficiency was deemed to exist at a 25(OH) D concentration < 20 ng/mL (50nmol/L), and 25(OH) D concentrations ≥ 20 ng/mL (50nmol/L) were regarded as non-vitamin D deficiency [26 (link)].

After a minimum 12-hours fast, venous blood was collected from participants. Biochemical indicators were measured using biochemical auto-analyzers (Mindray BS-430, Shenzhen, China). Moreover, a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (Mindray CL-2000i, Shenzhen, China) was used to measure the levels of estradiol and the fasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentration. vitamin D deficiency was deemed to exist at a 25(OH) D concentration < 20 ng/mL (50nmol/L), and 25(OH) D concentrations ≥ 20 ng/mL (50nmol/L) were regarded as non-vitamin D deficiency [26 (link)].

Venous blood samples were collected by direct venipuncture after overnight fasting. The samples were centrifuged, aliquoted, and immediately frozen for future analysis. Biochemical biomarkers analyzed included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) detected using biochemical auto-analyzers (Mindray BS-430, China).

Blood samples were collected from the participants between 6:00 and 8:00 a.m., after an overnight fasting, by nurses at the local medical center. Serum samples were separated from whole blood within 2 h in the field. Biochemical indexes, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer following standard protocols (Mindray BS-430, Shenzhen, China).

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic transaminase (AST) and total cholesterol (TC) in mice were detected using an Mindray BS-430 automated biochemical analyzer. The levels of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in mouse serum were detected according to the manufacturer's instructions (ADS Bio, Jiangsu, China).